Morning!
1. He always produces musical sounds with his voice.
B2
2. He imported a lot of cellphone accessories into the country last year.
A2
3. I will buy an attractive dress for her tomorrow.
C2
4. The baby was sleeping in his crib at 10 o’clock last night.
The baby was asleep in his crib at 10 o’clock last night
AppearanceA2 meaningA1
5. The two countries are trying to reach an agreement peacefully together these days
B1
6. I’ll be swimming in the sea at this time tomorrow.
C1
Utopia
مدیره فاضله
Coercion
Force
Execution
اعدام
for example, a country like Switzerland has a lot of privileges compared to a developing country
Passion
The martyred
The crippled
The defenders of the shrine
Patriarchy
مردسالاری
matriarchy
زن سالاری
women’s conditions or positions have been strengthened
in your opinion, which social changes have played the biggest role in expanding women’s freedom?
Everybody is neutral
Kid’s dominance
Manipulate
We’re kicking alive
.
Conditions
Embezzle
اختلاس کردن
Get punished
Be punished
تنبیه شدن
Get arrested
Be arrested
دستگیر شدن
speak badly to my dad
1. If it rains, the streets get wet.
Zero
2. A person embezzles in Iran, they get arrested.
Zero
3. If we didn’t sleep in afternoons in childhood, our father punished us
Zero
4. If you work well in Iran, you get successful.
Zero
If you work well in Iran, you will get successful
Real
5. If I lived in the US now, I would choose another job.
Unreal
6. If I hadn’t spoken badly to my father yesterday, I would not have gotten/been punished.
Regret
7. If I hadn’t sold that car in the spring last year, it would be more expensive now.
Mixed
Benjamin
If Benjamin is playing now, he will go to bed early tonight
Real
A3, B3, C3
1. She had never comprehended/understood that matter until 2010
A3
2. I have participated/engaged in that activity many times until now
B3
3. They will have certainly called you via cellphone until 10 o’clock tomorrow.
C3
4. I will have arrived home until 9 o’clock tonight.
C3
5. What will you have done until the age of 50?
C3
.
Morning!
1. I participated in some new activities last week.
I was engaging in new activities last week
2. He always comprehends difficult issues very well.
B2
3. We will watch a great movie for entertainment tomorrow.
4. Will you have a conversation with them via email tomorrow?
C2
5. That machine creates molds with high quality.
B2
6. He prepared food for many people last night.
A2
1. I’m using my computer to work on a project.
B1
2. She uses her phone to call her friends every day.
B2
3. He has told me about his new job in this city.
B3
4. They ask me about what they should do in their free time.
B2
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4
6. She feels happy when she spends time with her family.
B2, B2
7. She has been trying to improve her cooking skills recently.
B4
8. They have left the office today.
They have left the office for the day
B3
9. I have called the doctor to make an appointment.
B3
10. This company gives health insurance to its employees.
This company offers health insurance to its employees
This company provides its employees with health insurance
.
1. He was running in the park at 6:45 yesterday morning.
A1
2. I’m taking care of an important task these days.
B1
3. I will be working at my office at this time tomorrow.
C1
4. What are you doing?
B1
5. what were you doing at this time last year?
A1
6. What will you be doing at 2 o’clock today?
C1
7. I will be getting ready for an important trip in January next year.
C1
8. Will you be changing your job at this time next year?
C1
9. Will it be raining at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning?
C1
10. Will he be sitting in the classroom and(will he be) learning something at this time tomorrow?
1. He had called me three times until 9 o’clock last night.
A3
2. I have written many sentences until now.
B3
3. The party will have finished until 11 o’clock tomorrow night and all the guests will have gone.
C3,C3
Melika
I will have established a painting gallery by the age of 40
Hanieh
I will have finished my studies at university and(I will have) found a job by the age of 40
C3, C3
Mohammad
I will have learned English until the age of 40
C3
Zahra
I will have travel to many countries until 40 years of age
C3
Shadab
I will have become a skillful swimmer until 40 years of age
C3
Trustworthy
Reliable
قابل اعتماد
There must be some specialists in every field
Chaotic
Comply with some rules
Follow some rules
Criticism
Slave
برده
innovate
Fall asleep
Go on a strike
1. They have traveled to that city many times.
to that city. Where have they traveled many times?
They. Who has traveled to that city many times.?
2. She has written a letter to me twice so far.
a letter. What has she written to me twice so far?
twice. How many times has she written a letter to me so far?
written a letter to me. What has she done twice so far?
3. The employees of that company have struck.
The employees of that company have gone on a strike.
The employees of that company.
Who has gone on a strike?
4. The baby has fallen asleep.
Reason. Why has the baby fallen asleep?
.
1. What are you doing?
2. What do you do every day?
3. What have you done until now?
Become aware
Face fewer problems
Have fewer problems
In ancient times
1. If people become aware, they will have fewer problems.
If people become aware, their problems will be reduced.
Type 1
2. If people had a better culture, they would face fewer problems.
Type2
3. If an ancient times people have had a better culture, they would have faced fewer problems.
Type 3
4. If they had taught us better things, we would have fewer problems now.
Mixed
C2 with will and going to
.
1. Maybe we will go to the swimming pool this Friday.
C2 Not sure
2. What nice weather!
I’ll go to the park tonight
New decision
3. I’m going to get retired in 10 years.
C2 Sure based on plan
I have decided to get retired in 10 years
I have planned to get retarded in 10 years
I’m planning to get retarded in 10 years
I have a plan to get retarded in 10 years
I intend to get retired in 10 years
4. The economic, social and political conditions of our country will improve soon
Economic, social and political conditions of our country are going to improve soon
C2 prediction
5. I’m going to be resting at this time tomorrow.
I will be resting at this time tomorrow
C1
When I arrived home last night, I cooked some food
A2,A2
Whenever I meet him, he is working
B2, B1
Tomorrow when I will arrive in Tehran, I will call you
I will meet them tomorrowC2
I will speak with them tomorrowC2
When I meet them tomorrow, I will speak with them
When 2, C2
I will get ready
I will call you
Once I get ready, I will call you
She will do it tomorrow
She will let us know
When she does it tomorrow, she will let us know
.
Financial and political condition
Economic and political conditions
1. Maybe I will see her this Friday.
C2/Not sure
2. What good weather!
I will go to the park tonight
C2/New
3. I’m going to change my job near future.
C2/Old
4. The economic and political conditions of our country will improve in the coming months.
The economic and political conditions of our country are going to improve in the coming months
C2/Prediction
I will speak to her when I see her
C2 when B2
When I see her tomorrow, I will speak to her
When B2, C2
Tomorrow after I arrive, I will call him
Once I see him next week, I will talk to him
.
Sit, stand, lie sleep
Go on a strike
Many times
بارها
several times
چند بار
1. They have traveled to that country twice until now.
Yes/No. have they traveled to that country two times until now
Once/one time
Twice/two times
Thrice/three times
twice. How many times have they traveled to that country?
They. Who has traveled to that country twice so far.
Reason. Why have they traveled to that country twice until now?
2. She has written a letter many times until now.
She’s written a letter many times until now
a letter. What has she written many times until now?
Your written many times until now?
She. Who has written a letter many times until now.?
3. The workers of that factory have gone on a strike.
a strike. What have the workers of that factory gone on?
Gone on strike. What have the workers of that factory done?
The workers of that factory. Who has gone on a strike?
4. She has eaten her lunch.
.
1. What are you doing?
B1
2. What are they reading?
B2
3. Where does he work?
B2
4. Who works at this company?
B2
5. What have you done?
B3
6. What have they bought?
B3
1. My coworker’s son has the flu today.
My colleague's son has the flu today
AppearanceB2MeaningB1
2. The people of this region have interesting customs.
B2
3. She seems/looks energetic today.
AppearanceB2MeaningB1
She’s looking energetic today.
B1
4. He always seems energetic.
he always looks full of energy
B2
5. Is that book yours?
Does that book belong to you?
B2
That book belongs to you
That book is your book
6. Are they having/eating breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have/eat breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
AppearanceB2MeaningB1
9. Who are you seeing/meeting/ visiting now?
B1
10. there are some birds in the sky.
AppearanceB2MeaningB1
There are a number of birds in the sky
11. There are many stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather is cold in many areas today.
The weather of many areas is cold today
It is cold in many areas today
Regions
AppearanceB2MeaningB1
13. The weather of the south pole is cold.
The weather of Antarctica is called
It is cold in Antarctica
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
☕️
B2
16. This tea is hot.
AppearanceB2MeaningB1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are useful for the body.
Iranian traditional foods are useful for the body
Iran’s traditional foods are useful for the body
The traditional foods of Iran are beneficial for the body
B2
Quality size age shape, color, origin past-participle
Good large young square green Iranian broken
18. Do the students of this university do research at all?
Do the students of this university ever do research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
1. This food tastes good now.
AppearanceB2MeaningB1
2. That canned food tastes good.
B2
3. She is tasting the food now.
B1
C1
1. They were planning a big evolution in January last year.
A1
January last year. When were they planning a big evolution?
Planning a big evolution. What were they doing in January last year?
They. Who was planning a big evolution in January last year?
2. We are engaging in a governmental project these days.
A governmental project. What are we engaging in these days?
We. Who is engaging in a governmental project these days?
3. They will be combining the ingredients at this time tomorrow.
C1
The ingredients. What will they be combining at this time tomorrow?
They. Who will be combining the ingredients at this time tomorrow.
This time tomorrow. When will they be combining the ingredients?
1. Penny was thinking about a party at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to her birthday party.
A2
3. Some of her friends came to her house this morning.
A2
4. They brought her some gifts.🎁
A2
5. Some moments later, a magician entertained/amused them.
A2
6. He did some strange things.
A2
7. While he was performing magic, the children were looking and feeling surprised.
A1,A1,A1
8. They are sitting at the table and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They like birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mom is bringing the cake.
B1
11. She has baked/made this cake by herself.
B3
12. The children have been having fun together for a few hours now.
B4
The children have been together for a few hours
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
.
Priority
Servant
Hire =employ
The Netherlands
Florist
Plow
Constantly
Continuously
.conflict
Jealousy
Inner peace
How can we enjoy the benefits of money while still maintaining inner peace simultaneously?
At the same time
Undeniable
غیر قابل انکار
1. My coworker’s son has the flu today.
My colleague son has the flu today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting customs.
B2
3. She seems/looks energetic today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
She’s looking energetic today
B1
4. She always seems/looks energetic.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they eating/having breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have/eat breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you meeting/seeing now?
B1
10. There are a number of birds in the sky.
There are some birds in the sky
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are a lot of stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather is cold in many areas today.
It is cold in many areas today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. Weather in Antarctica is cold.
It is cold in Antarctica
The weather of the south pole is cold
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are good for a the body.
The traditional foods of Iran are good for the body
Iran’s traditional foods are useful for the body
Iran’s traditional foods are beneficial for the body
B2
Quality size age, shape, color origin past-participle
Good large young square green Iranian broken
18. Do the students of this university do research at all?
Do the students of this university ever do research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
———————-
1. She goes to work by bus every morning.
Yes/No. does she go to work by bus every morning?
She. Who goes to work by bus every morning?
2. He meets his friends in the park on weekends.
on weekends. How often does he meet his friends in the park?
He. Who meets his friends in the park on weekends
Reason. Why does he meet his friends in the park on weekends?
3. That device has a user manual for easy installation.
That device comes with a user guide for easy installation
4. They think that exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle.
B2, B2
5. We look forward to seeing you at the party every week.
B2
6. They want to improve their skills with regular practice.
Want to improve their skills through regular practice
B2
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give it food as a reward.
After my dog behaves correctly, I give it a treat as a reward
B2, B2
8. He uses his computer for both work and fun.
B2
9. He finds it hard to wake up early in the morning.
He thinks that it is hard to wake up early in the morning
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
11. When we need help we ask for it.
B2, B2
Conditional sentences
1. If I see him tomorrow, I will talk to him.
Real
2. If I saw the president now, I would talk to him.
Unreal
3. If I had seen him at the party yesterday, I would’ve talked to him.
Regret
1. What will you do if the conditions of our country get worse?
2. What would you do if you had $20 million?
3. What would you have done if the war hadn’t finished?
1. I was resting an hour ago.
A1
2. We are learning now.
B1
3. We will be traveling at this time tomorrow.
C1
4. The kids might/may be studying now.
5. You should be resting now.
6. We have to be working now.
7. I want to be resting now.
I don’t wanna accompany you
نمی خوام تو را همراهی کنم
1. This accident happened 10 hours ago.
It happened 10 hours ago
It occurred 10 hours ago
A2.
2. This happens every day.
It happens every day
B2
3. I will call you in two hours.
I’m gonna call you in two hours
C2
4. We’re gonna travel to that country next year.
C2
We are going to travel to that country next year
.
1. what project were they working on at this time last week?
A1
2. Which financial institution are you cooperating with these days?
B1
3. What law will they be enforcing at the same time tomorrow?
C1
————————-
1. Penny was thinking about a party at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to a birthday party.
A2
3. This morning, some of her friends came to her house.
C2
4. They brought her some gifts.🎁
A2
5. Some moments later, a magician entertained them.
A2
6. He did weird things.
A2
7. The children were watching and feeling surprised when he was doing magic.
A1, A1, A1
8. Now the children are sitting at the table (they are) and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1,B1
9. They love birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mom is bringing the cake.🎂
B1
11. now the children have been having fun together for a couple of hours.
B4
Now the children have been together for a couple of hours
AppearanceB3MeaningB4
She has made the cake by herself
B3
Top of the morning to you!
Go on a pilgrimage
I watched a movie yesterday
A2
I didn’t watch a movie yesterday
Omit I. Who watched a movie yesterday.?
I was watching a movie at 10 o’clock yesterday
I left my office at 10 o’clock yesterday
We went on a pilgrimage in the spring last year.
.
Review
1. I’m using my computer for working on a project.
I’m using my computer to work on a project
B1
2. He uses his cell phone to contact his friends every day.
He use his cell phone to call his friends every day .
B2
3. He has told me about his new job in this city.
B3
4. They ask me about what they should do in their free time.
B2
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4
6. When he spends time with his family he feels happy.
B2, B2
7. He has been trying to improve his cooking skills (recently).
B4
8. They have left the office today.
They have left the office for the day
B3
9. I’ve called the doctor to make an appointment.
I’ve called the doctor to set an appointment
B3
10. This company gives its staff health insurance.
This company provides its staff with health insurance
B2
Go on a pilgrimage
سفر زیارتی رفتم
1. We went on a pilgrimage altogether in the spring last year.
A2
2. I was working at 10 o’clock yesterday morning.
A1
3. She arrived at her office at 10 o’clock yesterday.
A2
Arrive in a country
Arrive at an office
4. He ran in the park every morning last year.
A2
5. I was running in the park at 7 o’clock yesterday morning.
A1
The controversial topic of does money bring happiness
If a person says that money is not needed for a good life, maybe they have never felt the lack of money in their life
I prefer to have a luxurious life and face and solve my problems in those conditions
Luxury
She’s a little scrupulous
وسواس
absolutely
perfectionist
ایده آل گرا
For instance
For example
برای مثال
Depressed
افسرده
Motivation
انگیزه
because their parents provide them with everything, they don’t have any motivations to continue their lives
Shabby clothes
Stingy
خسیس
deprive somebody of something
محروم مردن
do you think that people should be happy with the little?
Show off
خودنمایی کردن
Content with
قانع بودن
Women who have curly hair want to have straight hair and vice versa
In contract with
در تضاد با
Our expectation levels go up
Sanctions have made us be content
Under some special circumstances, we have to be content with what we have
Housing
مسکن
astronomer
ستاره شناس
you don’t agree with accumulating money
there is a bilateral relation between money and Honey
1. They’re spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
AppearB2MeaningB1
3. What do you mean?
AppearB2MeaningB1
4. She usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What colors does he always prefer?
B2
6. Is that book yours?
Does that book belong to you?
B2
7. That dress doesn’t fit her.
That dress is in her size
B2
8. I don’t understand her these days.
AppearB2MeaningB1
9. These days, he needs a lot of help.
AppearB2MeaningB1
10. She never needs us.
She doesn’t ever need us
B2
.
1. They have a headache today.
Negative. They don’t have a headache today.
Emphasize . They do have a headache today.
Omit They. Who has a headache today?
Reason. Why do they have a headache today?
2. We are having fun now.
having fun. What are we doing now?
We. Who is having fun now?
3. Jack’s driver is having a problem now.
B1
Reason. Why is Jack’s driver is having a problem now?
Jack’s. Whose driver is having a problem now?
having a problem. What is Jack’s driver doing now?
Jack’s driver. Who is having a problem now?
4. My friend has the flu today.
AppearB2MeaningB1
My. Whose friend has the flu today?
My friend. Who has the flu today?
5. My best friend has a mental problem.
My. Whose best friend has a mental problem.?
My best friend. Who has a mental problem?
Reason. Why does your best friend have a mental problem?
News 🗞️ 1
1. What is the most important thing that has affected your life a lot?
2. What has your life been affected by very much so far?
3. Who has your life been affected by very much?
1. Effort is the most important thing that has affected my life.
The most important thing that has affected my life is working hard and effort
Effort is the most important thing that my life has been affected by
My life has been affected a lot by a big change in my mind
The most important thing that has affected my life is learning new skills
Changing my lifestyle has been the most important thing in my life
2. So far my life has been affected a lot by the challenges (that) I have faced.
My life has been affected by hope.
My life has been affected very much by my family’s support
My life has been strongly affected by many experiences so far
My life has been affected by my impulsive decisions
3. My life has been affected by my family members very much.
My personality has been affected very much by my parents
My life has been affected very much by successful people
The pain or the joy of what you do will not last but being shameful or proud for something you do will continue to exist
Pa
Parsa Vito
Pito
I have learned to be patient
C2
1. I will be working at 9 o’clock tomorrow.
C1
2. She’s going to leave home at 9 AM tomorrow.
She will leave home at 9 AM tomorrow
C2
3. Next year I’m going to immigrate to a new city.
Next year I will immigrate to a new city
C2
4. I will be getting ready to enter university at this time next year.
C1
5. It will be raining at 10:45 tomorrow.
C1
6. It will stop raining at 10:45 tomorrow
C2
,
Driving license 🪪
I work at a counseling center
.
What did you do when you called your best friend and he didn’t answer?
I became angry, and I swore at him very badly
How often do you swear at someone?
A2
I was studying at 10 o’clock last night
When were you studying?
Reason. Why were you studying at 10 o’clock last night?
Omit I. Who was studying at 10 o’clock last night?
2. I I left home at 10 o’clock last night.
/
Did you leave home at 10 o’clock last night?
When did you leave home?
Emphasize. I did leave home at 10 o’clock last night.
Reason. Why did you leave home at 10 o’clock last night?
Omit I. Who left home at 10 o’clock last night?
3. I visited my friend yesterday.
Negative. I didn’t visit my friend yesterday.
Yes/No. did you visit your friend yesterday?
Reason. Why did you visit your friend yesterday?
Omit I. Who visited your friend yesterday?
4. He fixed his car yesterday.
yesterday. When did he fix his car?
his car. What did he fix yesterday?
His. Whose car did he fix yesterday?
Omit He. Who fixed his car yesterday?
He called me yesterday
me. Who did he call yesterday?
He. Who called me yesterday?
1. I’m using my computer for working on a project.
I’m using my computer to work on a project
B2
2. He uses his cell phone to call his friends every day.
B2
3. He has told me about his new job in this city.🌆
B3
4. They ask me about what they should do in their free time.
They ask me about what to do in their free time
B3
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4
6. When he spends time with his family, he feels happy.
B2, B2
7. Recently he has been trying to improve his cooking skills.
B4
8. They have left the office today.
B3
9. I have called the doctor to make an appointment.
I have called the doctor to set an appointment
B3
10. This company provides health insurance for its employees.
Company offers health insurance to its employees
B2
.
Sun-Tues
He will happily greet Jessica
Disaster
Catastrophe
Disastrous
Catastrophic
Impromptu
1. I’ve been thinking about making a big change for many years.
I have been thinking about a big change for many years
B4
2. He has had this problem for many years.
AppearanceB3MeaningB4
3. He is analyzing an vital issue these days.
B1
4. He is tired of his project these days.
Appearance B2 Meaning B1
1. What were you doing at 5:45 yesterday?
A1
2. What is he doing these days?
B1
3. What will you be doing at 10:30 in the morning tomorrow?
C1
Noncontinuous
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaningB1
3, what do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaningB1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important problems.
B2
5. What colors does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
Do you own that book?
B2
7. That dress isn’t her size.
That dress doesn’t fit her
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
9. he needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
10. She never needs us.
She doesn’t ever need us
B2
.
Emotional problem
Emotional issue
Mental issue
1. I have a headache now.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
2. We are having a good time now.
We are having fun now
We are having the time of our life now
B1
3. He is having a problem.
He is dealing with a problem now
He is struggling with a problem now
B1
4. She has an emotional problem now.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
5. My friends have the flu today.
My friends have influenza today
Appearance B2 meaningB1
6. my friends have mental problems.
B2
7. We are having breakfast now.
B1
Engineer
1. We are sitting in the classroom now.
B1
2. We are in the classroom now.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
3. They are working now.
B1
4. They are tired now.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
5. they are engineers.
B2
When Dan was looking for a new job last year, Jessica Montana recruited him
When Dan was looking for a job last year, Jessica Montana hired him
A1, A2
He has been working for Jessica Montana for one year
B4
He is Jessica‘s driver
B2
He has driven Jessica‘s classic car many times so far
B3
He is talking to Erica about that old car now
B1
According to the information about classic cars which she obtained from her grandfather, she has decided to buy a classic car in the future
A2, B3
Erica loves classic cars and she has decided to buy a classic car in the future
B2, B3
According to the information she obtained about classic 🚙 She has decided to buy a classic car in the future because they remind her of her grandfather.
A2, B4, B2
He claims that Jessica‘s car belongs to him
B2, B2
He is working very hard because he wants to establish a collection of classic cars
He wanted to attract her
Comprehend
درک کردن
Material
مطلب
TV series
1. They were trying to comprehend that material at 10 o’clock last night.
that material. What were they trying to comprehend at 10 o’clock last night?
They. Who was trying to comprehend the material at 10 o’clock last night?
2. We are watching a new TV series these days.
B1
We. Who is watching a new TV series these days?
Watching a new TV series. What are we doing these days?
3. I will be leaving my office at this time tomorrow.
Omit I. Who will be leaving their office at this time tomorrow?
Who will be leaving his or her office at this time tomorrow?
.
Those workers are digging a well now
B1
Those workers want help now
AppearanceB2 meaning B1
1. We prefer to stay here now.
Appearance B2 meaning B 1
We don’t prefer to stay here now
Do you prefer to stay here now?
Reason. Why do you prefer to stay here?
We. Who prefers to stay here now?
2. She always prefers cooking by herself.
B2
Negative. She doesn’t always prefer cooking by herself.
Yes/No. does she always prefer cooking by herself?
She. Who always prefers cooking by herself.?
3. We are doing a new activity here now.
B1
a new activity. What are you doing here now?
We. Who is doing a new activity here now?
Reason. Why are you doing a new activity here now?
The way. How are you doing? A new activity here now?
4. She never remembers my name.
She doesn’t ever remember my name
Reason. Why does she never remember my name?
Reason. Why doesn’t she ever remember my name?
B2
5. I don’t remember my duties right now.
Appearance B2 meaning B 1
Omit I. Who doesn’t remember his or her duties now
Who doesn’t remember their duties now?
.
1. All of my colleagues were helping him with his project seriously
seriously. How were all of my colleagues helping him with his project?
his project. What were all of my colleagues helping him with seriously?
helping with his project. What were all of my coworkers doing seriously?
Reason. Why were all of my coworkers helping him with this project seriously?
All of my colleagues. Who was helping him with his project seriously?
These activities are essential for our health growth
Reconsider
بازبینی کردن
.
Stubborn
لجباز
Rumor
شایعه
Refinery
پالایشگاه
Compile a book
1. They’re compiling a book now.
B1
2. They want some dictionaries now.
Appearance B2 Meaning B1
.
1. I prefer to be here now.
I prefer to stay here now
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
2. She always prefers eating Italian foods.
B2
3. I don’t remember my friend’s phone number now.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
4. She never remembers her important tasks.
She doesn’t ever remember her important tasks
B2
.
5. You always seem energetic.
B2
6. You seem pretty today.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
.
The animals that disappeared
They have eaten dinner
Dinner has been eaten by them
They have had dinner🥘
Transitive verbs can have objects right after them so we can change them into passive
Eat, drink, do, see, nullify
Intransitive verbs are the ones which don’t have any objects right after them so it’s not possible to change them into passive
.
, Appear, arrive, come, go, disappear, run, walk
.
Disrespect
بی احترامی کردن
have you been disrespected so far??
Have you ever been disrespected?
Who have you been disrespected by?
What do you do when you are disrespected by someone?
What should be done for the students of our country to have better conditions?
Jessica
1. He was producing a music track at this time last year.
a music track. What was he producing at this time last year?
producing a music track. What was he doing at this time last year?
He. Who was producing a music track at this time last year?
2. The baby is sleeping in her crib now.
in her crib. Where is the baby sleeping now?
Reason. Why is the baby sleeping in a crib now?
The baby. Who is sleeping in their crib now?
3. At this time next year all the people of the region will be living together peacefully.
All the people of the region. Who will be living together peacefully at this time next year?
.
7:15 Research
Lesson 9- story
1. Dad was looking for a new job when Jessica employed him last year.
A1, A2
2. He has been working for Jessica for one year now.
B4
3. He is Jessica‘s driver.
He drives for Jessica
B2
4. He has driven Jessica‘s classic car many times so far.
B3
5. Dan and Erica are talking about the classic car now.
B1
6. Erica loves classic cars.
B2
7. She has decided to buy a classic car in the future.
B3
Do/Does
Employees
Professionally
On time
Colleague
Unique
Skills
1. Those employees do their duties professionally.
professionally. How do those employees do their duties?
their duties. What do those employees do professionally?
Those employees. Who does their duties professionally?
2. He always does his work on time.
always. How often does he do his work on time?
He. Who always does his or her work on time?
Who always does their work on time?
3. My colleague’s friend usually has unique ideas.
usually. How often does my colleagues’s friend have unique ideas?
4. The workers of that factory have a lot of skills.
—————————————————
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
3. They go to the park for a walk every night.
They go for a walk in the park every night
They take a walk in the park every night
They go to the park for walking every night
4. We know a lot about history.
5. The children take their dog for a walk twice a day.
6. I see my friends during the week.
7. You come home late every night.
8. We think a lot about our future.
9. We look forward to our vacation every year.
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
They want to have a trip to Europe every summer
They want to go on a trip to Europe every summer
11. They kiss their children before sleeping every night.
They kiss their children before bed every night
.
What caused many kinds of large animals in North America and Australia to disappear has long been debated by scientists
Ancient humans are blamed for the disappearance by two new studies
They say
They report
They claim
They know
It is sad/it is reported/it is claimed/it is known that
The animals may have been killed for food by human hunters on both continents
Human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food
May/might/could have PP
حدس در مورد گذشته
sunbathe
She may have sunbathed
The findings were reported by science magazine
These animals were included
Woolly mammoths, several kinds of horses, camels and oxen were included
One of the studies was led by John Oliver of the university of California at Santa Barbara
A computer program was developed to study the effects of human hunters on 41 kinds of large mammals
His study was based on evidence that humans first arrived in North America 13,000 years ago
How a group of about 100 humans could grow in number over a period of 1200 years was examined by him
it was found that a small group of humans could be expanded to 300,000 members over the period
.
It was said that Many animals native to North America could have been killed off by ancient humans
They would have been prevented by low rates of reproduction from recovering from the attacks by humans
How the disappearance of large animals was linked with human expansion was described by Paul Martin
.
- Eat channels distort news
Reason. Why do Eta channels distort news?
- I have asked her to help me many times so far
I. Who has asked her to help me many times so far?
- I asked her to help me a few days ago
- It has occurred many times in the past 10 years
- he has been analyzing political news during the past 10 years
- She was leaving her office at this time yesterday so she’s doing the same now
- .
1. She was drawing some pictures at 8:45 yesterday.
at 8:45 yesterday. When was he drawing some pictures?
some pictures. What was the drawing at 8:45 yesterday?
Reason. Why was it drying some pictures at 8:45 yesterday?
drawing some pictures. What was he doing at 8:45 yesterday?
She. Who was drawing some pictures at 8:45 yesterday?
2. Our company was producing a new product at this time last year.
a new product. What was our company producing at this time last year?
new. Which product was our company producing at this time last year?
producing a new product. What was our company doing at this time last year?
Our company. Who was producing a new product at this time last year?
3. They were eating the midday meal at 2 PM yesterday.
at 2 PM. What time were they eating the midday meal yesterday?
the midday meal. What were they eating at 2 PM yesterday?
They. Who was having the midday meal at 2 PM yesterday
1
B1. He is feeling hungry.
B2. He loves hamburgers.
B3. He hasn’t eaten anything since morning.
B4. He has been waiting for the coffee shop to open since two hours ago.
2.
B1. She’s thirsty.
B2. She prefers cola.
B3. She has drunk five cans of cola since yesterday.
B4. She has been feeling thirsty for two hours.
3.&4
B1. They are waiting for the flight.
B2. They always travel by airplane.
B3. They have visited many countries so far.
B4. They have been waiting for the flight since four hours ago.
5.
B1. She is feeling angry.
B2. She gets angry quickly.
B3. She has not arrived at her destination yet.
B4. She has been arguing with the clerk for half an hour.
A personality trait
11&12
B1. They are exhausted.
B2. They travel together.
B3. They have had heavy backpacks.
B4. They have been resting since morning.
13.
B1. She’s reading a newspaper.
B2. She likes reading newspapers.
B3. She has bought a newspaper.
B4. She has been reading a newspaper for an hour.
14.
B1. He is wearing a warm coat
B1. he is feeling hot.
B2………………………………..
B3. He has put on a warm coat.
B4. He has been feeling hot for a couple of minutes.
15.
B1. She’s reading a sad book currently.
B2. She reads sad books.
B3. She has read 75 pages.
B4. She has been reading a sad book recently.
B2
Project
Carefully
Colleagues
Every other day
Economic problems
1. They always do their projects carefully.
carefully. How do they always do their projects?
their projects. What do they always do carefully?
always. How often do they do their projects carefully?
Reason. Why do they always do their projects carefully?
They. Who always does their projects carefully?
(who always does his or her duty carefully)
2. He has a new idea every other day.
every other day. How often does he have a new idea?
He. Who has a new idea every other day?
Emphasize. He does have a new idea every other day.
3. My brother’s colleagues do their duties fast.
their duties. What do my brother’s colleagues do fast?
My brother‘s colleagues. Who does their duties fast?
4. That African country has many economic problems.
Emphasize. That African country does have many economic problems.
That African country. Who has many economic problems.
They always have the power cut professionally in Iran on time
Don’t do your Is and cross yourTs.
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
3. They go to the park for a walk every night.
They go to the park for walking every night
They take a walk in the park every night
4. We know a lot about history.
We have extensive knowledge of history
5. The children take their dog for a walk twice a day.
The kids walk their dog twice a day
6. I see my friends during the week.
7. You come back home late every night.
8. We think a lot about our future.
9. We look forward to our vacation every year.
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
11. They kiss their children before bedtime every night.
.
.
Streamline
Insecticide
حشره کش
enter the room
Hate
متنفر بودن
1. Anna and Mike were having dinner when some insects entered the room.
A1, A2
2. Now they have killed an insect and (they) are speaking about it.
B3, B1
3. Some insects have been flying in their room for one hour now.
B4
4. They hate 🐜 .
B2
5. So Mike has decided to buy some insecticide and (he has decided to) kill all the insects tomorrow.
B3, B3
.
Saloon
Salon
B2
1. Those children play soccer every day.
B2
Those children. Who plays soccer every day?
This car
That car
These cars
Those cars
2. That worker reports the problems every week.
B2
every week. How often does that worker report the problems?
the problems. What does that worker report every week?
reports the problems. What does that worker do every week?
That worker. Who reports the problems every week?
3. We attend that party every year.
B2
We. Who attends that party every year?
4. She always maintains the machines.
She. Who always maintains the machines.
Bookworm
عاشق کتاب
Grind
خرخوان
Distinguish between
Tangible
Sensible
.
What should be done in this chaotic situation?
Why should we impose our desires on others?
The budget has been spent on a lot of unnecessary things unfairly because of that now we have spent a lot of money, but we don’t have our basic needs like electricity
Cease-fire
Truce
Has the recent war made you consider immigration as well?
1. Those workers maintain the machines every day.
B2
Those workers. Who maintains the machines every day?
This car
That car
These cars
Those cars
2. That worker reports the problems every week.
Negative. That worker doesn’t report the problems every week.
Yes/No.
every week. How often does that worker report the problems?
the problems. What does that worker report every week?.
reports the problems. What does the worker do every week?
That worker. Who reports the problems every week?
3. I attend my grandma‘s party once a year.
B2
I. Who attend my grandma‘s party once a year?
4. She always succeeds in her work.
B2
She. Who always succeeds in her work?
.
1. What has she taught?
What has been taught by her?
2. Why has she taught that lesson?
Why has that lesson been taught by her?
3. Who has taught that lesson?
Who has that lesson been taught by?
4. Where did you find it?
Where was it found by you?
5. Who did you call yesterday?
Who was called by you yesterday?
6. Who is going to call you tomorrow?
Who are you going to be called by tomorrow?
7. How many countries have signed the agreement?
By how many countries has the agreement been signed?
How many countries has the agreement been signed by?
8. How does he tolerate that condition?
How is that condition tolerated by him?
9. What convention was he signing?
What convention was being signed by him?
10. What can change the world?
What can the world be changed by?
Can could may might shall should will would must
11. Which factory is going to produce that car?
Which factory is that 🚘 going to be produced by?
12. How many times have they revised the book?
How many times has the 📖 been revised by them?
13. Who may solve our problems?
Who may our problems be solved by?
By whom may our problems be solved?
14. What problem has caused the chaos?
What problem has the chaos been caused by?
By what problem has the chaos been caused?
15. Who is reconstructing the walls that were destroyed last year?
Who are the walls that were destroyed last year being reconstructed by?
By whom are the walls that were destroyed last year being reconstructed?
.
Penny
Corpse
🧟
1. Anna and Mike were eating dinner when some insects entered the room.
A1, A2
2. They have killed an insect and they are talking about it now.
B3, B1
3. Some insects have been flying in this room for about one hour.
B4
4. Anna and Mike hate insects.
B2
5. They have decided to buy some insecticide and (they have decided to) kill all of the insects.
B3, B3
I see two people in this picture
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
They have killed an insect
B3
And they are looking at it
B1
Some insects have been flying in this room for one hour
B4
They have decided to get rid of these insects
B3
.
B4
1. The children are playing soccer.
B1
2. They have been playing from 4 o’clock until now.
They have been playing since 4 o’clock
B4
3. They have scored two goals so far.
B3
4. He is resting now.
B1
5. He has been doing the project since morning.
B4
6. We have been waiting for you for two hours.
B4
.7. I’ve been sitting here for one hour.
B4
War
What is it?
What is he doing?
Where does she work?
Do you know what it is?
Can you tell me what he is doing?
Could you let me know where she works?
We were like their shelters, not their assets
Lagging
عقب ماندگی
Spirit
روحیه
Lift your spirit
Stubborn
لجباز
Claim
ادعا کردن
Governments should protect their power
Some governments think that with high tension between people, they can keep their own power or strength in their societies
Territory
قلمرو
promise the moon
وعده سر خرمن دادن
ISIS
Chaotic
پر هرج ومرج
Famine
Civil war
Not all consequences are negative
1. We enjoy parties.
Negative. We don’t enjoy parties.
Yes/No. do we enjoy parties?
parties. What do we enjoy?
Emphasis. We do enjoy parties
2. They live in this city.
this city. Where do they live?
Reason. Why do they live in this city?
Negative. They don’t live in this city.
Emphasize., They do live in this city.
3. I have new ideas.
new ideas. What do you have?
Yes/No. Do you have new ideas?
Yes, I do.
Emphasis. I do have new ideas.
4. They meet each other every day.
every day. How often do they meet each other?
meet each other. What do they do every day?
Definitely
Surely
Certainly
Indeed
.
1. Where do you live?
2. What food do you hate?
3. Who do you love?
4. What do you do?
5.
What genres do you like?
.
1. How often does he invite those people to the party?
How often are those people invited to the party by him?
2. How many people have they employed this year?
How many people have been employed by them this year?
3. How many students have done the exercise?
How many students has the exercise been done by?
———————————————————————-
1. Where did they put the bag?
Where was the back put (by them)?
2. What did he put on the table?
what was put on the table (by him)?
3. Who put the bag on the table ?
By who was the bag put on the table?
Who was the bag put on the table by.
1. Why are they going to take that step?
Why is that step going to be taken by them?
2. Whose parents have you met so far?
Whose parents have been met( by you )so far?
3. Whose ideas have affected your ideas?
whose ideas have your ideas been affected by?
.
Take measures
Take steps
Take actions
1. What have you been doing recently?
B4
2. How have you been recently?
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
3. How many books have you read recently?
B3
4. How often do you take these measures?
B2
5. What book are you reading?
B1
6. What did you do when he was doing the project?
A2, A1
7. What were you doing when he was doing the project?
A1, A1
8. Where did you go when your class ended?
A2, A2
9. How many times did you take that exam last year?
A2
10. How many times have you taken that exam until now?
B3
11. How long have you been taking that exam?
B4
.
—————————
1. Penny was thinking about her birthday party at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to her birthday party.
A2
3. This morning, some of her friends came to her house.
A2
4. They brought her some gifts.
A2
5. Some moments later, a magician entertained them.
A2
6. He did strange things.
A2
7. When he was doing magic, the kids were looking and (there were)feeling surprised.
A1, A1, A1
8. Now the children are sitting at the table and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They like birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mom is bringing a cake.
B1
11. She has made this cake by herself.
B3
12. The children have been having fun together for a few hours.
B4
(the children have been together for a few hours now)
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
.
.
1. I was playing soccer at 4:45 yesterday.
A1
2. I won at 4:45 yesterday.
A2
3. I was feeling tired at 4:45 yesterday.
A1
I felt tired at 4:45 yesterday
AppearanceA2 meaningA1
4. I was tired at 4:45 yesterday.
AppearanceA2 meaningA1
——————————————————
1. He was thinking about a party at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to her birthday party.
A2
3. Some of her friends came to her house this morning
A2
4. They brought some gifts for her.
They brought him some gifts
A2
5. Some moments later, a magician entertained them.
A2
6. He did some strange things.
A2
7. The children were watching and feeling surprised when he was doing magic.
When he was doing magic, the children were watching and feeling surprised
A1, A1, A1
8. Now the children are sitting at the table and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They like birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mother is bringing the cake.
B1
11. She has made this cake by herself.
B3
12. The children have been having fun together for a few hours now.
B4
The children have been together for a few hours now
AppearanceB3MeaningB4
.
B2
1. I teach.
Negative. I don’t teach.
Yes/No. Do I teach?
Place. Where do you teach?
Reason. Why do you teach?
Emphasis. I do teach.
2. They study every day.
Yes/No. do they study every day?
We go on a trip every summer
Reason. Why do they study every day?
Place. Where do they study every day?
every day. How often do they study?
Emphasize. They do study every day.
3. We travel every summer.
every summer. How often do you travel?
Reason. Why do we travel every summer?
travel. What do we do every summer?
Emphasis. We do travel every summer.
4. You speak very well.
very well. How do you speak?
Omit speak. What do you do very well?
Reason. Why do you speak very well? .
Emphasize. You do speak very well.
1. Where do you live?
B2
2. What lesson do they teach?
B2
3. What do we need?
B2
4. Do I speak very well?
B2
5. Do they love their country?
B2
6. What are you doing?
B1
7. What do you do?
What’s your job?
B2
Bake cake
It’s none of your business
It ain’t nothing to you
Good for your children
Do you want to adopt children?
How often do you lie?
How often do you tell a lie?
Client
.
- we faced that problem two years ago.
- He left home at 10 o’clock last night.
- She was watching TV at 10 o’clock last night
- We went on a pilgrimage altogether in the spring last year
- When I saw her, she was playing
She was playing when I saw her
.
1. My brother‘s car.
2. My brother’s friend.
3. My brother‘s friend’s car.
4. The color of my friend’s book.
5. That man’s ideas.
6. My father‘s friend’s ideas.
7. The people of my country.
My country’s people
8. My country’s people’s problems.
.
1. We have called each other a few times during the past 15 days.
B3
2. We have been working together during the past 15 days.
We have been cooperating with each other doing the past 15 days
3. We are checking and analyzing that technical problem these days.
B1
4. We have been considering and analyzing that technical problem since January/from January until now.
5. We have been at war recently.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
We have been fighting recently
B4
6.
1. My friend’s car.
2. My father‘s friend.
3. My father’s friend’s car.
4. The color of my father‘s friends car.
5. Mohammad‘s friend.
6. Mohammad friend’s ideas
7. The people of Iran.
Iran’s people
8. Iran’s people’s problems.
.
1. Who are you praised by?
2. What are you praised for?
3. What food is cooked by your mom very often?
4. What foods are often eaten by Iranian people?
5. Which countries are chosen as immigration destinations by the people of developing countries?
6. Why do many people tend to immigrate to other countries these days?
7. What facilitates are given to students in developed countries?
Have those people in the corner of the room bought the gift
Has the gift been bought by those people in the corner of the room?
Did the company that produces cars call you?
Were are you called by the company that produces cars?
.
Are the workers that were employed last year going to fix the machine?
Is the machine going to be fixed by the workers that were employed last year?
Does the leader of the country which is located in Africa oppress the people
.
Are the people oppressed by the leader of the country which is located in Africa?
1. How do they build a house?
2. What did they buy yesterday?
3. who will write the letter?
.
Go on a pilgrimage
1. She washes some fruits every day.
2. He washed some fruits yesterday.
A2
Negative. He didn’t wash some fruits yesterday.
Yes/No. did he wash some fruits yesterday?
some fruits. What did he wash yesterday?
He. Who washed some fruits yesterday?
Reason. Why did he wash some fruits yesterday?
3. She is analyzing that problem now.
B1
4. He was checking a technical problem yesterday morning.
A1
He. Who was checking a technical problem yesterday morning?
a technical problem. What was the checking yesterday morning?
technical. What problem was he checking yesterday morning?
5. When I saw him, he was working.
He was working when I saw him
6. We went on a pilgrimage altogether in the spring last year
A2
How old were you when you got married?
I was 20 years old when I got married
Irregular verbs
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
3. What do you mean?
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What color does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does this book belong to you?
Is this book yours?
Is it your book?
B2
7. That dress doesn’t fit her.
That dress isn’t her size
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
10. He does not ever need us.
He never needs us
B2
————————————————-
1. My colleague’s son has the flu today.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
2. The people of this area have interesting traditions/customs
B2
3. He looks/seems energetic today.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
He is looking energetic today
B1
4. He always seems/looks energetic.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they eating breakfast?
Are they having breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have/eat breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
9. Who are you seeing/meeting/visiting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
11. there are a lot of stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather of many areas is cold today.
It is cold in many regions today
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
13. The weather in Antarctica is cold.
B2
14. The birds of this zoo never fly in the sky.
B2
The birds of this zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
17. Iranian foods are beneficial for the body.
Iran’s traditional foods are beneficial for the body
Traditional Iranian foods are useful for body
B2
18. Do the students of this university ever do any research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They need help.
B2
.
1.
B1. He is feeling hungry.
B2. He loves hamburgers.
B3. He has not eaten anything since morning.
B4. He has been waiting for the coffee shop since two hours ago.
2.
B1. She’s thirsty.
B2. She prefers cola.
B3. She has drunk five cans of cola since yesterday.
B4. She has been feeling thirsty for two hours.
3.&4
B1. They are waiting for the flight.
B2. They always travel by airplane.
B3. They have visited many countries so far.
B4. They have been waiting for the flight since four hours ago.
5.
B1. She’s feeling angry.
She feels angry
B2. She gets angry quickly.
B3. She has not arrived at her destination yet.
B4. She has been arguing with the clerk for half an hour.
11 & 12
B1. They are exhausted.
B2. They travel together.
B3. They have had heavy backpacks.
B4. They have been resting since morning.
13.
B1. She’s reading a newspaper.
B2. She likes reading newspapers.
B3. She has bought a newspaper.
B4. She has been reading a newspaper for one hour.
14.
B1. He is wearing a warm coat.
He is feeling hot
B2…………….
B3. He has put on a warm coat.
B4. He’s been feeling hot for a couple of minutes.
15.
B1. She’s reading a sad book currently.
B2. She reads sad books.
B3. She has read 75 pages.
B4. she has been reading a sad book recently.
.
.
Avoid a problem
Prepared for dinner
Report a technical problem
Attend a session
1. She’s avoiding a problem.
a problem. What is she avoiding?
avoiding a problem. What is she doing?
She. Who is avoiding a problem.?
Reason. Why is she avoiding a problem?
Way. How is she avoiding a problem?
2. They are preparing the dinner.
dinner. What are they preparing?
preparing the dinner. What are they doing?
Omit They. Who is preparing the dinner?
3. My best friend is reporting a technical problem.
a technical problem. What is my best friend reporting?
My best friend. Who is reporting a technical problem?
4. we are attending a session.
a session. What are we attending?
We. Who is attending a session?
.
They are calling us.
us. Who are they calling?
They. Who is calling us?
.
.
They are building a house.
A house is being built (by them)
The people at the party are eating some Italian food
Some Italian food is being eaten (by the people at that party)
They have done that hard project twice until now
That’s hard project has been done (by them) twice until now
Have they found any new data?
Has any new data been found (by them)?
How have they done that duty?
How has that duty been done (by them)?
Did they revise the article yesterday?
Was the article revised (by them) yesterday?
Does he fix old machines?
Are old machines fixed (by him)?
.
I ate a pizza last night
A pizza was eaten by me last night
A2
She made a movie last year
A movie was made by her last year
A2
They have been doing a project for 10 years
A project has been being done by them for 10 years
B4
They cook dinner at 7 PM every day
Dinner is cooked by them at 7 o’clock every day
B2
I’m going to ask you one minute later
You are going to be asked (by me) one minute later
C2
I have read a book this year
A book has been read by me this year
B3
Did your mom cook food for you yesterday?
Was food cooked for you by your mom yesterday?
A2
They have left the bank today
The bank has been left by them today
B3
Does she need some information?
Is some information needed by her?
B2
She had eaten all the eggs last night
All the eggs had been eaten by her last night
A3
She has been studying Italian for four years
Italian has been being studied by her for four years
B4
People speak English all over the world
English is spoken by people all over the world
B2
She will have watched the whole episode by the end of the day
The whole episode will have been watched by her by the end of the day
C3
.
.
1. I’m using my computer to work on a project.
B1
2. He uses his cell phone to call his friends every day.
B2
3. He has told me about his new job in this city.
B3
4. They ask me what to do in their free time.
They ask me what they should do in their free time
B2
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4.
6. He feels happy when he spends time with his family.
When he spends time with his family, he feels happy
B2, B2
7. She has been trying to improve her cooking skills recently.
B4
8. They have left the office today.
They have left the office for the day
B3
9. I’ve called the doctor to make an appointment.
B3.
10. This company offers its employees health insurance.
B2
.
Inaugurate
1. He was inaugurating a new restaurant at this time two years ago.
at this time two years ago. When was he inaugurating a new restaurant?
a new restaurant. What was the inaugurating at this time two years ago?
inaugurating a new restaurant. What was she doing at this time two years ago?
He. Who was inaugurating a new restaurant at this time two years ago?
2. We were watching a new TV series at 9:45 last night.
at 9:45. What time were you watching a new TV series last night?
a new TV series. What were you watching at 9:45 last night?
a new. What TV series were you watching at 9:45 last night?
we. Who was watching a new TV series at 9:45 last night?
.
.
.
Wish you a great day!
1. He has called me three times.
B3
Negative. He hasn’t called me three times.
Yes/No. has he called me three times.?
Reason. Why has he called me three times?
He. Who has called me three times?
2. They have broken that window many times.
Yes/No. have they broken that window many times?
that window. What have they broken many times?
Reason. Why have they broken that window many times?
They. Who has broken that window many times.?
1. I’m using my computer to work on a project.
B1
2. She uses her cell phone to call her friends every day.
B2
3. She has told me about her new job in this city.
B3
4. They ask me what they should do in their free time.
B2
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4
6. He feels happy when he spends time with his family.
When he spends time with his family, he feels happy
B2, B2
7. She has been trying to improve her cooking skills recently.
B4
8. They have left the office today.
They have left the office for the day
B3
9. I have called the doctor to make an appointment.
B3
10. The company offers health insurance to its employees.
.
Rebuild
Reconstruct
.
1. We were rebuilding an old factory at such a time last year.
at such a time last year. When were we rebuilding an old factory?
an old factory. What were we rebuilding at this time last year?
rebuilding an old factory. What were we doing at such a time last year?
We. Who was rebuilding an old factory at such a time last year?
I call david every day.
Negative . I don’t call david every day.
Yes/No. do I call david every day?
Emphasize. I do call david every day.
Reason. Why do I call david every day?
Omit I. Who calls david every day?
Jennifer calls David every day
Jennifer. Who calls David every day?
Reason. Why does Jennifer call David every day?
Sara called David yesterday
Sara. Who called David yesterday?
.
Irregular verbs
Penny next session
B1
1. My brother is painting my cupboard quickly in the room.
Avoid a problem
Prepare the dinner
Report a technical problem
Attend a session
1. He is avoiding a problem.
a problem. What is he avoiding?
avoiding a problem. what is he doing?
He. Who is avoiding a problem?
2. They are preparing the dinner.
the dinner. What are they preparing?
preparing the dinner. What are they doing?
They. Who is preparing the dinner?
3. My best friend is reporting a technical problem.
a technical problem. What is my best friend reporting?
reporting a technical problem. What is my best friend doing?
My best friend. Who is reporting a technical problem?
4. We are attending a session.
a session. What are we attending?
Reason. Why are we attending a session?
We. Who is attending a session?
The machines are producing a new product
Omit a new product. What are the machines producing?
.
Discuss and converse in class using the following questions.
1. What are you doing right now?
2. What is your best friend doing right now?
3. What are you wearing today?
4. Are you learning anything new this week?
5. Are you planning anything exciting for the weekend?
6. What are you thinking about right now?
7. Are you enjoying this class at the moment? Why or why not?
8. Are you saving money for something at the moment?
9. Are you currently reading any interesting books or watching any shows?
10. What is happening in your country right now (e.g., festivals, news, or events)?
11. Are people in your city celebrating anything this week?
12. What do you think the weather is doing in another part of the world right now?
13. Are scientists or researchers working on something important at the moment?
14. Are any famous people making headlines right now? What are they doing?
15. Is anyone in your family traveling or working on something special right now?
16. Imagine you’re on vacation right now. Where are you going, and what are you doing?
17. What is your pet (or dream pet) doing right now?
18. Are you enjoying this activity? Why or why not?
19. Are you working on any projects or assignments at the moment?
20. What are you improving in your English skills right now?
21. Are you listening carefully to your classmates’ answers?
Look for a new job
Fix a car
Write a book
Set a machine
1. They are looking for a new job.
B1
Negative. They are not looking for a new job.
Yes/No. are they looking for a new job?
a new job. What are they looking for?
2. She is fixing a car.
B1
a car.
Reason.
3. My friend is writing a book.
B1
a book.
4. We are setting a machine.
B1
a machine.
.
We roamed up the city during that time
They got martyred
شهید شدند
Battle line
جبهه
Will you become a volunteer?
Discuss and converse in class using the following questions.
1. What are you doing right now?
2. What is your best friend doing right now?
3. What are you wearing today?
4. Are you learning anything new this week?
5. Are you planning anything exciting for the weekend?
6. What are you thinking about right now?
7. Are you enjoying this class at the moment? Why or why not?
8. Are you saving money for something at the moment?
9. Are you currently reading any interesting books or watching any shows?
10. What is happening in your country right now (e.g., festivals, news, or events)?
11. Are people in your city celebrating anything this week?
12. What do you think the weather is doing in another part of the world right now?
13. Are scientists or researchers working on something important at the moment?
14. Are any famous people making headlines right now? What are they doing?
15. Is anyone in your family traveling or working on something special right now?
16. Imagine you’re on vacation right now. Where are you going, and what are you doing?
17. What is your pet (or dream pet) doing right now?
18. Are you enjoying this activity? Why or why not?
19. Are you working on any projects or assignments at the moment?
20. What are you improving in your English skills right now?
21. Are you listening carefully to your classmates’ answers?
1. She’s looking for a new book.
B1
Negative. She isn’t looking for a new book.
Yes/No. is she looking for a new book?.
a new book. What is she looking for?.
2. They are leaving their country.
B1
their country. Where are they leaving?
3. My friend is holding a party.
B1
a party. What is my friend holding?
4. We are setting a new machine.
B1
a new machine. What are we setting?
Reason. Why are you setting a new machine?
.
.
1️⃣ Is pizza eaten in your country a lot?
(Encourages them to talk about local food habits.)
2️⃣ When was your school built?
(Practices past passive structure and discussing their school.)
3️⃣ Are English movies watched by your friends?
(Connects to their daily activities.)
4️⃣ Is homework given every day in your class?
(Relatable to their routine.)
5️⃣ Was the last World Cup watched by many people in your country?
(Practices past passive with a familiar topic.)
6️⃣ Is tea drunk more than coffee in your family?
(Allows comparison practice in a passive question.)
Rebuild
1. She’s cooking a delicious food.
A delicious food is being cooked(by her).
B1
2. She has written three books until now.
three books have been written(by her) until now
B3
3. He has been reconstructing this Factory for one year.
This factory has been being reconstructed(by him) for one year.
B4
4. She drinks one litter of milk every day.
1 litter of milk is drunk (by her) every day
B2
.
Discuss and converse in class using the following questions.(Easy questions)
1. What are you doing right now to relax after a long day?
2. Are you eating breakfast or lunch at the moment?
3. Who are you talking to on the phone today?
4. Are you watching a TV show or series these days? What is it about?
5. What are you wearing today? Is it comfortable?
6. Do you usually drink coffee or tea in the morning?
7. How often do you go to the park to take a walk?
8. Where do you buy fresh vegetables and fruits for your meals?
9. Do you sit down with your family for dinner every night?
10. What time do you wake up on weekdays?
11. Have you ever visited a new restaurant recently? What do you think of it?
12. Have you finished reading any interesting books lately?
13. What foods have you tried for the first time this year?
14. Have you seen your friends this week? How often do you get together?
15. How many times have you gone shopping this month?
16. How long have you been learning English or another skill?
17. Have you been exercising regularly to stay healthy?
18. What activities have you been doing to reduce stress lately?
19. How long have you been waiting for something important?
20. Have you been working hard on a project or assignment recently?
21. Are you drinking water right now? How much water do you usually drink every day?
22. Do you cook dinner at home every night? What do you frequently cook?
23. Have you started reading a new book? Are you enjoying it?
24. What chores are you doing around the house today? Do you always do them yourself?
25. Are you planning to meet someone later? Have you already texted them about it?
26. Are you wearing something casual or formal today? Why do you prefer it?
27. Do you listen to music while you work or study? What songs do you like?
28. Have you cleaned your room this week? How often do you tidy up?
29. Are you carrying anything heavy in your bag right now? What is it?
30. Do you take naps during the day? How does it help you feel rested?
31. Are you chatting with your classmates right now? What are you discussing?
32. Have you met new people this month? What do they do?
33. Do you laugh a lot when you spend time with your friends? What makes you laugh?
34. Are you helping someone with a task today? What are you doing for them?
35. Do you celebrate birthdays with your family? How do you usually celebrate?
36. Are you drinking enough water today? How do you remind yourself to stay hydrated?
37. Have you been practicing any sports recently? Which one is your favorite?
38. Do you eat snacks between meals? What kind of snacks do you prefer?
39. Are you feeling tired or energetic today? Why do you think so?
40. Have you been trying to improve your eating habits? What changes have you made?
a trip. What are they preparing for?
Preparing for a trip. What are they doing?
Ask about the reason. Why are they preparing for a trip?
They. Who is preparing for a trip?
2. She’s working on a new project these days.
a new project. What is she working on these days?
She. Who is working on a new project these days
3. She edits one page every day.
every day. How often does she edit one page?
one. How many pages does she edit every day?
one page. What does she edit every day?
edits one page. What does she do every day?
She. Who edits one page every day?
4. They establish a new company every other year.
every other year. How often do they establish a new company?
a new company. What do they establish every other year?
a. How many new companies do they establish every other year?
They. Who establishes a new company every other year?
5. We have warned him many times until now.
many times. How many times have we warned him until now?.
warned him. What have we done many times until now?
We. Who has warned him many times until now.
6. We have been cooperating with him for two years until now.
.
for two years. How long have we been cooperating with him until now?
him. Who have we been cooperating with until now for two years?
We. Who has been cooperating with him for two years?
.
.
.
.
1. They are having breakfast now.
B1
2. They have a good idea now.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
3. They have breakfast at 8 AM every day.
They. Who has/eats breakfast at 8 AM every day?
4. He usually has a good idea.
B2
Negative. He usually doesn’t have good ideas.
Yes/No. does he usually have good ideas?
Reason. Why does he usually have good ideas?
Emphasize. He usually does have good ideas
He. Who usually has good ideas
1. they are in the classroom now
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
2. They are in the classroom at 8 o’clock every day.
B2
3. Iran is beautiful.
B2
4. Today, you are beautiful.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
5. There are 10 people in the classroom.
AppearanceB2 meaningB1
6. There are 10 chairs in the classroom.
B2
B1
1. She is getting some important information.
B1
She’s not getting some important information
2. My best friend is making dinner.
B1
Is my best friend making dinner?
3. We are looking for a good book these days.
B1
4. She’s reading B1
They ought to go
They ought not to go
What else are you learning these days?
.
B1
1. He is getting good information.
B1
He is not getting good information
2. My friend is making a pizza.
B1
Is my friend making a pizza?
3. He’s looking for a new job.
B1
Is he looking for a new job?
4. They are telling a story.
B1
Why are you studying English
I wanna go abroad
.
They ought to do it well
Why are you thinking about abroad?
I want to see a new world
Is your best friend learning English?
1. They are writing a book.
B1
A book is being written by them
2. She watches a movie every day.
B2
A movie is watched by her every day
3. We have fixed three cars until now.
B3
Three cars have been fixed by us until now
4. He has been cooking that food since morning.
B4
That food has been being cooked by him since morning
The car was being fixed
A1
A car was fixed
A2
The car had been fixed
A3
That car had been being fixed
A4
that car is being fixed
B1
The car is fixed
B2
The car has been fixed
B3
The car has been being fixed
B4
The car will be being fixed
C1
The car will be fixed
C2
The car will have been fixed
C3
The car will have been being fixed
C4
.
Sanction
Struggle
Negotiate
Destroy many lives
1. Our country is struggling with other countries these days.
B1
2. Our country has been negotiating with other countries for two years.
B4
3. The US sanctions different countries.
B2
4. Sanctions have destroyed many lives.
B3
5. She’s so energetic.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
She has been spending time with her friends since morning
B4
6. He has had a headache since morning.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
Seem depressed
1. I have faced that problem many times since 2000.
B3
2. He has been teaching French since 2000.
B4
3. She has seemed/ looked depressed since 2000.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
She has been looking depressed since 2000
B4
Welcome!
Whenever I wanna write something down on the whiteboard, I don’t write it in markers. I say it and it’s printed right there and a few seconds after I finish saying that it is seen on the whiteboard.
.
1. What are you doing right now to relax after a long day?
2. Are you eating breakfast or lunch at the moment?
3. Who are you talking to on the phone today?
4. Are you watching a TV show or series these days? What is it about?
5. What are you wearing today? Is it comfortable?
6. Do you usually drink coffee or tea in the morning?
7. How often do you go to the park to take a walk?
8. Where do you buy fresh vegetables and fruits for your meals?
9. Do you sit down with your family for dinner every night?
10. What time do you wake up on weekdays?
11. Have you ever visited a new restaurant recently? What do you think of it?
12. Have you finished reading any interesting books lately?
13. What foods have you tried for the first time this year?
14. Have you seen your friends this week? How often do you get together?
15. How many times have you gone shopping this month?
16. How long have you been learning English or another skill?
17. Have you been exercising regularly to stay healthy?
18. What activities have you been doing to reduce stress lately?
19. How long have you been waiting for something important?
20. Have you been working hard on a project or assignment recently?
21. Are you drinking water right now? How much water do you usually drink every day?
22. Do you cook dinner at home every night? What do you frequently cook?
23. Have you started reading a new book? Are you enjoying it?
24. What chores are you doing around the house today? Do you always do them yourself?
25. Are you planning to meet someone later? Have you already texted them about it?
26. Are you wearing something casual or formal today? Why do you prefer it?
27. Do you listen to music while you work or study? What songs do you like?
28. Have you cleaned your room this week? How often do you tidy up?
29. Are you carrying anything heavy in your bag right now? What is it?
30. Do you take naps during the day? How does it help you feel rested?
31. Are you chatting with your classmates right now? What are you discussing?
32. Have you met new people this month? What do they do?
33. Do you laugh a lot when you spend time with your friends? What makes you laugh?
34. Are you helping someone with a task today? What are you doing for them?
35. Do you celebrate birthdays with your family? How do you usually celebrate?
36. Are you drinking enough water today? How do you remind yourself to stay hydrated?
37. Have you been practicing any sports recently? Which one is your favorite?
38. Do you eat snacks between meals? What kind of snacks do you prefer?
39. Are you feeling tired or energetic today? Why do you think so?
40. Have you been trying to improve your eating habits? What changes have you mad
I’m going to tell you a story.
The story of someone who believed that he would never make a loss in his life. He always lived to enjoy the moment he was in.
B3 and B4
Israel
Iran 🇮🇷
1. She’s driving to Tehran.
B1
2. She has been driving to Tehran for three hours.
B4
3. How long has she been driving to Tehran?
B4
4. She has watered the flower three times since yesterday.
5. Iran and Israel have been fighting each other since Friday.
B4
6. How many times has she watered the flower since yesterday?
7. How long have Iran and Israel been fighting each other?
——————————————-
1.
B1. He is feeling hungry.
B2. He loves hamburgers.
B3. He hasn’t eaten anything since morning.
B4. He has been waiting for the coffee shop since two hours ago.
2.
B1. She is thirsty.
B2. She prefers cola.
B3. She has drunk five cans of cola since yesterday.
B4. She has been feeling thirsty for two hours.
(She has felt thirsty for two hours. Appearance.B3 meaning.B4)
3&4.
B1. They are waiting for the flight.
B2. They always travel by airplane.
B3. They have visited many countries so far.
B4. They have been waiting for the flight since four hours ago.
5.
B1. She’s feeling angry.
B2. She gets angry quickly.
B3. She has not arrived at her destination yet.
B4. She has been arguing with the clerk for half an hour.
11&12
B1. They are exhausted.
B2. They travel together.
B3. They have had heavy backpacks. 🎒
B4. They have been resting since morning.
13.
B1. She’s reading a newspaper.
B2. She likes reading newspapers.
B3. She has bought a newspaper.
B4. She has been reading a newspaper for an hour.
14.
B1. He is feeling hot.
He’s wearing a warm coat
B2……………………:
B3. He has put on a warm coat.
B4. He has been feeling hot for a couple of minutes.
15.
B1. She’s reading a sad book currently.
B2. She reads sad books.
B3. She has read 75 pages.
B4. She has been reading a sad book recently.
You are paying attention to me
You always pay attention to my words very carefully
You have learned three structures so far
He has curly hair
B2
He has styled his curly hair
B4
She’s not riding her bicycle
B1
She’s thinking about her bicycle
B1
She travels by bicycle every day
B2
She uses her bicycle every day
B2
She goes to work by bicycle every day
B2
She has parked her bicycle
B3
She has arrived at the class by bicycle
B3
She likes her bicycle
B2
Her bicycle is not beautiful
B2
Her bicycle has a flat tire
🛞
Appearance B2 meaningB1
Her bicycle has had a flat tire three times until now
In my opinion her bicycle is very old
B2
22.
They have been warning the taxi driver for five minutes
23.
She has been moving passengers for two hours
24.
He has been fixing the Taxi for 20 minutes
22.
They have been arresting criminals for three years
23.
She has been driving the taxi for 23 years
.
13.
B1. She’s looking daggers at the staff.
B2. She loves her hotel.
B3. She has entered the hotel.
14.
B1. He is getting money from a customer.
B2. He works at the cashier’s
B3. He has graduated from university
15.
B1. They are falling down.
B2. They serve food.
B3. They have crashed into each other.
16.
B1. They are arguing with each other.
B2. They prepare the meals.
B3. They have spoiled the food.
17.
B1. She’s typing.
B2. She types letters.
B3. She has typed two letters.
18.
B1. He is carrying a suitcase.
B2. He helps the passengers.
B3. He has lifted a heavy suitcase.
19.
B1. She feels tired.
She’s feeling tired
B2. She dusts and (she) cleans.
B3. She has washed 11 bedsheets.
20.
B1. He’s looking at his watch.
B2. He flies airplanes.
B3. He has flown many times.
21.
B1. They are feeling anxious.
B2. They guide passengers.
B3. We have visited many countries.
22.
B1. She is warning the taxi driver.
B2. They protect the city.
B3. They have arrested many criminals.
23.
B1. She’s talking to the police officer.
B2. She moves passengers.
B3. She has bought a taxi.
24.
B1. He is fixing the Taxi.
B2. He works in the garage.
B3. He has fixed many vehicles.
—————————————————
1. How often do you cook?
B2
2. Do you ever help the poor?
B2
3. How many times have you lied to your spouse?
How many times have you told your spouse a lie?
4. How much information have you collected/gathered?
B3
5. Have you ever encountered/faced that problem?
B3
6. We have warned them many times during the past 15 days.
B3
1. If it had been raining at 10 o’clock last night, they wouldn’t have left home.
T3
2. If you had been studying all day yesterday, you would pass the test now.
Mixed
3. If I had been employed by that company 10 years ago, I would have a better life now.
Mixed
4. If I had been employed by that company 10 years ago, I would not have continued my studies.
5. If you were traveling now, you would be having fun.
T2
6. If he is still working, he will be tired at the party tonight.
T1
7. If we hadn’t studied well at school, they would’ve called our parents.
T3
If we didn’t study well at school, they called our parents
Zero Type
8. If someone works well in this country, they become successful.
Zero Tupe
If someone works well in this country, they will become successful
Type 1
9. If people become aware, they live better lives.
Zero
If people become aware, they will live better
T1
10. If you came to the park with me tomorrow, we could exercise together.
T2
What will you do if somebody swears at you?
C2 Alternatives
1. I will change my job soon.
I’m going to change my job soon
I will be changing my job soon
C1/Near Future
2. I’m going to visit my best friend in a restaurant in two days.
I’m meeting my best friend in a restaurant in two days
B1/Personal arrangement
3. The government will start two new projects in this city next year.
The government starts two new projects in this city next year
B2
1. I will arrive in one minute.
I’m going to arrive in one minute
I’ll be arriving in one minute
C1/Near Future
2. I will serve your food in a minute.
I’m going to serve your food in a minute
I’ll be serving your food in a minute
C1/Near Future
3. She is going to get married in January.
She’s getting married in January
B1
4. My birthday is tomorrow.
(my birthday is going to be tomorrow)
5. Tomorrow is Wednesday.
(tomorrow is going to be Wednesday)
.
Issue
Problem
Cooperate
Issue
Problem
Cooperate
1. I’m trying to analyze that problem these days.
B1
2. I have been trying to analyze that problem for three months.
B4
3. I have cooperated with him 10 times since 2001.
B4
.4. I have been cooperating with him since 2001.
B3
5. What are you doing?
B1
6. What have you been doing for one hour?
B4
7. What have you done?
B3
.
22.
She has been warning in a taxi driver for 10 minutes
They have been protecting the city since 10 years ago
23.
Her car hasn’t been working for 10 minutes
She has been moving passengers since last year/for one year
(Since last year/from last year until now)
(Since 10 years ago/from 10 years ago until now)
24.
He has been fixing the Taxi for 30 minutes
He has been working in the garage for many years/since many years ago
B4
13.
B1. She’s looking daggers at the staff.
B2. She loves her hotel.
B3. She has entered the hotel.
14.
B1. He’s getting money from a customer.
B2. He works at the cashier’s
B3. He has graduated from university
15.
B1. They are falling down.
B2. They serve food.
B3. They have crashed into each other.
16.
B1. They are arguing with each other.
B2. They prepare the meals.
B3. They have spoiled the food.
17.
B1. She’s typing.
B2. She types letters.
B3. She has typed two letters.
18.
B1. He is carrying a suitcase.
B2. He helps the passengers.
B3. He has lifted a heavy suitcase.
🧳
19.
B1. She’s feeling tired.
B2. She dusts and (she) cleans.
B3. She has washed 11 bedsheets.
20.
B1. He’s looking at his watch.
B2. He flies airplanes.
B3. He has flown many times.
21.
B1. They are feeling anxious.
They feel anxious
B2. They guide passengers.
B3. They have visited many countries.
22.
B1. She is warning the taxi driver.
B2. He protects the city.
B3. He has arrested many criminals.
23.
B1. She’s talking to the police officer.
B2. She moves passengers.
B3. She has bought a taxi.
🚕
24.
B1. He is fixing a taxi.
B2. He works in a garage.
B3. He has fixed many vehicles.
Make today count!
1. He goes to work by bus every morning.
B2
2. She meets her friends in the park every weekend.
3. That device comes with the user manual wall for easy installation.
That device has a user manual for easy installation.
4. They think sport is important for a healthy lifestyle.
5. We look forward to meeting/seeing/visiting you at the party every Friday.
6. They want to improve their skills with regular exercise.
B2
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give it a treat as a reward.
I feed my dog as a treat after it behaves correctly
8. He uses his computer for both work and entertainment.
9. He finds it hard to wake up early in the morning.
In his opinion, waking up early in the morning is hard
He considers being an early bird frustrating
Night owl 🦉
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
They tell funny jokes
The funny jokes make everyone laugh
11. When we need help, we ask for it.
.
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What color does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
B2
7. That dress doesn’t fit her.
That shirt doesn’t fit him
That dress isn’t her size
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
10. He never needs us.
He doesn’t ever need us
B2
———————————————
1. My colleague’s son has the flu today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting customs.
B2
3. He is looking energetic today.
B1
He seems/looks energetic today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He always seems/looks full of energy.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they having/eating breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/visiting/meeting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. there are lots of stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather of many regions is cold today.
It is cold in many regions today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather of the South Pole is cold.
The weather of Antarctica is cold
It is cold in the south pole/Antarctica
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Iranian traditional foods are good for body.
Traditional Iranian foods are good for body
The traditional foods of Iran are good for body
Iran’s traditional foods are good for the body
Suitable/useful/beneficial
B2
18. Do the students of this university do research at all?
Do the students of this university ever do research?
do the students of this university do any research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
Two object verbs
They met her at the company
She was met by them at the company
They gave her some information
She was given some information by them
Some information was given to her by them
Give somebody something
They have offered me a good job
A good job has been offered to me by them
I have been offered a good job by them
If she is playing now, she will fall asleep early tonight
Type 1
If you had been walking in 4 🪴 street at 4 o’clock yesterday, I would have seen you
Type 3
If it had been raining at 10 o’clock last night, I would have been walking in the park
Type 3
1. If you read this book, your knowledge will increase.
T1
2. If I were in the US, I would study at a good university.
T2
3. If you see her, you will like her.
T1
4. If I had read that book last year, I would have succeeded in the interview yesterday.
T3
5. If I had immigrated 10 years ago, I would have better conditions now.
Mixed
Emigrate from Iran to Canada
Immigrate to Canada
Migrate to Canada
6. If you work well at this company, you will get promoted.
T1
If you work well at this company, you get promoted
Tzero
7. If you establish a company, you can employ some young people.
T1
8. If you established a company, you could employ some young people.
T2
9. If you had established the company last year, now some young people would work at it.
Mixed
10. If she were here now, we would have so much fun.
T2
.
Stories
1. Jack and Julie were talking to each other by the lake.
A1
2. They had gone there by car.
A3
3., They had set up their tents and (they had) had/eaten dinner
A3, A3
4. Some moments later, a few strange creatures appeared in the lake.
A2
5. Now they have been looking at those creatures for 10 minutes.
B4
6. This is the first time that they have seen such creatures.
B2, B3
7. Jack is taking pictures and Julie is pointing to those strange creatures.
B1, B1
8. Whenever Jack sees something interesting or strange, he immediately takes out his camera and starts taking photos.
B2, B2, B2
9. Some moments later when Jack leaves the beach for the police station Julie will still be taking photos.
When B2, C1
10. One hour later, Jack with the police and the photographers will arrive at the beach of the lake
C2
11. When Jack returns, the monsters will have disappeared.
When B2, C3
12. Maybe the police and the photographers won’t believe Jack and Julie’s words.
C2
13. But Jack will show them the photos.
C2
13
B1. She’s looking daggers at the staff.
B2. She loves her hotel.
B3. She has entered the hotel.
14
B1. He is getting money from a customer.
B2. He works at the cashier’s.
B3. He has graduated from university
15.
B1. He is falling down.
B3. He serves food.
B3. They have crashed into each other.
16.
B1. They are arguing with each other.
B2. They prepare the meals.
B3. He has spoiled the food.
17
B1. She is typing.
B2. She types letters.
B3. She has typed two letters.
18.
B1. He is carrying a suitcase.
B2. He helps the passengers.
B3. He has lifted a heavy suitcase.
19.
B1. She’s feeling tired.
B2. She dusts and cleans.
B3. She has washed 11 bedsheets.
20.
B1. He is looking at his watch.
B2. He flies airplanes
B3. He has flown many times.
21.
B1. They are feeling anxious.
B2. They guide passengers.
B3. They have visited many countries.
22.
B1. She is warning the taxi driver.
B2. She protects the city.
B3. They have arrested many criminals.
23.
B1. She is talking to the police officer.
B2. She moves passengers.
B3. She has bought a taxi.
24.
B1. He is fixing the Taxi.
B2. He works in a garage.
B3. He has fixed many vehicles.
1. They have hesitated twice until now.
Yes/No. have they hesitated twice until now
twice. How often have they hesitated until now?
How many times have they hesitated until now?
They. Who has hesitated twice until now.
2. He has run/jogged in the park twice this week.
Reason. Why has he run in the park twice this week?
3. We have measured the sizes of that land.
Reason. Why have we measured the sizes of the land?
We. Who has measured the sizes of the land?
measured the sizes of that land. What have we done?
4. He has written two books so far.
He’s written two books so far
two. How many books has he written so far?
.
.
.
5. I have undertaken a new project.
B3
Rise and shine!
1. He is telling those people something.
2. They are enjoying themselves at the party.
They are having fun at the party
They are having a good time at the party
3. I’m trying to learn a new language.
4. She’s preparing for her trip.
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
6. He is resting.
7. They are coming to meet us.
8. He is thinking about his future plans.
9. He is looking for his lost keys.
10. He is giving a speech at a conference.
—————————————-
1. I wake up at 6 AM every day.
2. They bake/make delicious cookies from scratch.
3. They go to the park for walking every night.
They go to the park for a walk every night
They take a walk in the park every night
4. We know a lot about history.
5. The children take their dog for a walk twice a day.
6. I visit my friends during the week.
7. You come home late every night.
8. We think a lot about our future.
9. We wait for our holidays eagerly every year.
We look forward to our holidays every year
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
They want to have a trip to Europe every summer
11. They kiss their kids before sleep every night.
They kiss their kids before going to bed every night
They kiss their kids before bed every night
They kiss their kids before sleeping every night
.
1. They hold a party every week.
Negative. They don’t hold a party every week.
Reason. Why do they hold a party every week?
Emphasis. They do hold a party every week.
Place. Where do they hold a party every week?
They. Who holds a party every week?
2. He leads his team.
his team. What does it lead?
He. Who leads his team?
Emphasize. He does lead his team.
3. They always let us use this machine.
They always allow us to use this machine
.
13
B1. She’s looking daggers at the staff.
B2. She loves her hotel.
B3. She has entered the hotel.
She’s entered the hotel
14
B1. He is getting money from a customer.
B2. He works at the cashier’s.
B3. He has graduated from university
15
B1. He is falling down.
B2. They serve food.
B3. They have crashed into each other.
16.
B1. They are arguing with each other.
B2. They prepare the meals.
B3. They have spoiled the food.
17
B1. She is typing.
B2. She types letters.
B3. She has typed two letters.
18
B1. He is carrying a suitcase.
B2. He helps the passengers.
B3. He has lifted a heavy suitcase.
19.
B1. She’s feeling tired.
B2. She dusts and cleans.
B3. She has washed 11 bedsheets.
20.
B1. He is looking at his watch.
B2. He flies airplanes.
B3. He has flown many times.
21.
B1. They are feeling anxious.
B2. They guide passengers.
B3. They have visited many countries.
22.
B1. She’s warning the taxi driver.
B2. They protect the city.
B3. They have arrested many criminals.
23.
B1. She’s talking to the police officer.
B2. She moves passengers.
B3. She has bought a taxi.
24.
B1. He is fixing the Taxi.
B2. He works in the garage.
B3. He has fixed many vehicles.
.
.
Emigrate from Iran to Canada
Immigrate to Canada
This building is decaying
This building is commercial
they have built this building in the center of Isfahan
If I had immigrated five years ago, I would have become a representative for that machine
.
A person is punctual then we talk about an unreal condition when it comes to this
Tidy
Disciplined
.
I will be staying in this city until Friday
I will be working until 9 o’clock tomorrow
C1
I will be awake until 9 o’clock tomorrow
AppearanceC2 meaningC1
1. I had encountered that problem many times until 2020.
I had faced that problem many times until 2020
A3
2. I had been struggling with that problem for five years until 2010.
A4
3. She has written 10 essays until now.
B3
4. I have been learning English for two years until now.
B4
5. I will have read this book until 10:00 o’clock tomorrow.
C3
6. I will have been sleeping for two hours by 10 o’clock tomorrow.
C4
.
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
He doesn’t usually remember important things
B2
5. What colors does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
7. That shirt doesn’t fit him.
That shirt isn’t his size
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
10. He never needs us.
———————————————-
1. My colleague’s son has the flu today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this area have interesting customs
The people of this region have interesting traditions
Criterion
Criteria
3. He seems/looks energetic today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
He’s looking energetic today
He is looking full of energy today
B1
4. He always looks/seems energetic.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they having/eating breakfast now?
B1
7. Do they have/eat breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/meeting/visiting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are a lot of stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather of many regions is called today.
It is cold in many regions today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather of Antarctica is cold.
The weather of the south pole is cold
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are beneficial for the body.
Traditional foods of Iran are useful for a the body
B2
18. Do the students of this university ever do research?
Do the students of this university do research at all?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
I love flowers
Emphasize. I do love flowers.
Water boils at 100°C.
Emphasis. Water does boil at 100°C.
I do have fun every week
I do practice English every day
I buy electronic parts for the company every day
Negative. I don’t buy electronic components for the company every day.
I learn English every day
Yes/No. do I learn English every day?
I ride my motorcycle to work every day
Motorcycle. What do I ride to work every day?
We attend our English class twice a week
I tend to be present in my English class every session
I go to the swimming pool every day
I decide to learn English
I prefer to learn English very perfectly
I participate in the English class every session
I like to be able to speak English fluently and accurately
I work as an electronic engineer
We watch TV every day
The price of dollar increases every day
.
Morning!
Top of the morning to you!
1. He is having/eating dinner now.
B1
2. They have/eat lunch at 2 o’clock every day.
B2
3. He has an old car.
B2
4. Hey guys.! I have a car today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
5. My friend always has to be at home at 8 o’clock every night.
B2
6. I have to be in or at my office now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
I feel pleased now
I spend my free time studying and surfing some websites to do research
Anxiety
Anxious
It seems that some good news is coming
As a manager, what topics or subjects are you having problems with?
Conditional
.
1. If you drink this tea, you will feel better.
2. If I lived in the US, I would enjoy myself more.
3. If you hadn’t gone out yesterday, you would not have caught a cold.
1. If I see her, I will talk to her.
2. If I saw her now, I would talk to her.
3. If I had seen him yesterday, I would have talked to him.
If I was/were younger, I would exercise more
Type 2
If she forgets that she has a date with me, the conditions will be terrible.
Type 1
Until the police arrive, he will have gone
Until B2, C3
Tomorrow night when you arrive, I will have left/gone.
when B2, C3
Next year, when she graduates, she will have gained a lot of knowledge
when B2, C3
Sanctions
Opportunities
Lose
When the sanctions end, Iranian people will have lost a lot of opportunities
When B2, C3
.
.
Until now
So far
۱. They have left home.
Yes/No. have they left home?
Reason. Why have they left home?
home. Where have they left?
left home. What have they done?
They. Who has left home?
2. He has called me twice until now.
me. Who has he called twice until now?
He. Who has called me twice until now?
3. They have seen her many times until now.
her. Who have they seen many times until now?
They. Who has seen her many times until now?
4. It has rained very little this year.
Reason. Why has it rained very little this year?
B3
1. He has a class now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. He is having a class now.
He is attending a class now
He is participating in a class now
B1
3. He has a class in this place twice a week
B2
4. We have a headache now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
5. He has a migraine.
B2
6. I have to go now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
7. He has to leave home at 4 o’clock every day.
B2
Be very tired
Be exhausted
1. They are checking their problems now.
B1
2. They are very tired now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
.
Good morning 😃
1. My friends are trying to fulfill/accomplish the project, but yours are resting.
2. That car and its parts are old.
3. They meet their friends at their office every week.
4. His idea is perfect, but hers is better.
.
She is fixing the car
the car. What did she fixing?
She. Who is fixing the car?
He is calling them
them. Who is he calling?
He. Who is calling them?
They are informing her
her. Who are they informing?
They. Who is informing her?
.
Have an accident
Have a session
B3
1. I have had a meeting/session today.
Negative. I haven’t had a meeting today.
Yes/No. have I had a meeting today?
Reason. Why have I had a meeting today?
I. Who has had a meeting today.
2. She has worked today.
worked. What has she done today?
She. Who has worked today.
3. They have had an accident today.
an accident. What have they had today?
They. Who has had an accident today?
4. It has rained very little this year.
Reason. Why has it rained very little this year?
.
Discussion questions for term 1 (Wednesday's discussion)
1) What's something
you're really proud of? Why is it so special to you?
2) Do you prefer to spend your time inside or outside? Why ?
3)How well do you get along with your co-workers? (Explain some of your technics)
4)Why do you think people like to travel?
How about you? Do you Like traveling?
5)How much time do you spend on your hobbies daily/weekly?
1. My coworker’s son has the flu today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting customs.
B2
3. She seems/looks energetic today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
She’s looking energetic today
B2
4. She always seems/looks energetic.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they having/eating breakfast?
B1
7. Do they eat/have breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you meeting/seeing/visiting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are many stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather of many regions is cold today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather of Antarctica is cold.
B2
South Pole
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
Hot tea tastes delicious
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are beneficial for the body.
The traditional foods of Iran are useful for the body
Iran’s traditional foods are useful for the body
B2
18. Do the students of this university do research at all?
Do the students of this university ever do research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
.
be interested in
علاقمند بودن به
hate
متنفر بودن از
1. What are you interested in?
Are you interested in money or Honey?
2. What do you hate?
B2
.
Non-continuous
1. He seems upset today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. She’s dealing with some problems today.
B1
3. I don’t remember your name now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. I’m trying to remember your name now.
B1
Discussion questions for term 3 ( Wednesday 's discussion)
1) How often do you question your own biases when making decisions?
2) Are you currently working on breaking any bad habits?
3) How had technology evolved by the time smartphones became mainstream?
4) Will you still be working in the same field a decade from now? Why or why not?
5) What is usually consumed at parties in your city?
6) You leave something that you plan on eating in your fridge, but later you find that it is gone. Who was it probably eaten by?
1. The animal that ran fast was wild.
The animal running fast was wild
2. The animal which was killed was wild.
The animal killed was wild
3. The animal (which) they killed was wild.
.
.
The worker (who was) tired by the process left early
The worker (who was) hurt left early
The hurt worker left early
The car which made a lot of noise was fixed
The car making a lot of noise was fixed
The car which was moving was very old
The car moving was very old
The moving car was very old
.
.
.
.
Discussion questions for term 2 ( Wednesday's discussion)
1) . How often do you reassess your long-term goals?
2) How has technology changed the way we communicated in the past decade?
3) What were you doing when you first heard about the pandemic?
4) Has anyone ever betrayed your trust, and how did you handle it?
5) How long have you been living in your current city, and do you plan to stay?
A3 B3 C3
1. He has complained about that issue many times until now.
B3
2. I had collected a lot of information until yesterday.
A3
1. She had worked with that company three times until 2010. A3
2. I have done that work few times until now.
B3
3. I will have finished a few of my paintings until tomorrow.
C3
.
Discussion questions for term 1 (Wednesday's discussion)
1) What's something
you're really proud of? Why is it so special to you?
2) Do you prefer to spend your time inside or outside? Why ?
3)How well do you get along with your co-workers? (Explain some of your technics)
4)Why do you think people like to travel?
How about you? Do you Like traveling?
5)How much time do you spend on your hobbies daily/weekly?
1. My colleague’s son has the flu today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting customs.
B2
3. He seems/looks full of energy today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
He is looking energetic today.
B1
4. He always seems/looks energetic.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they eating/having breakfast now?
B1
7. Do they have/eat breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/meeting/visiting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are a lot of stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather is cold in many areas today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather is cold in the south pole.
The Antarctica’s weather is cold
It’s cold in Antarctica
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea tastes delicious.
Hot tea is delicious
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are useful for body.
B2
18. Do the students of this university do research at all?
Do the students of this university ever do research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
1. How often do you forget something?
2. Do you ever prefer staying at home on Fridays?
Be satisfied with
راضی بودن از
4. Are you satisfied with yourself at the moment?
Are you satisfied with yourself currently?
I’m not satisfied with myself because I can do better or I should do better
Appearance B2 meaning B1
Be depressed
Become depressed
5. How often are you depressed?
How often do you become depressed?
B2
Wish you a happy day!
My brother is painting my cupboard quickly in the room
in the room. Where is my brother painting my cupboard quickly?
quickly. How is my brother painting my cupboard in the room?
Omit my cupboard. What is my brother painting quickly in the room?
my. Whose cupboard? Is my brother painting quickly in the room?
painting my cupboard. What is my brother doing quickly in the room?
My brother. Who is painting my cupboard quickly in the room.?
My. Whose brother is painting my cupboard quickly in the room.?
Reason. Why is he painting my cupboard quickly in the room?
.
Relative clauses
1. The actors who played in that movie were very famous.
2. The actors (who) that director invited were very professional.
3. I love the books which/that change my ideas.
4. Nicole Kidman, who played in that movie, is a great actress.
————————————————-
Punctuations count a lot in international tests
Who is an ideal friend in your idea?
An ideal friend for me is a person who doesn’t reveal my secret to other people and listen to me whenever I have a problem
An ideal friend for me is a person who doesn’t judge me
An ideal friend in my idea is a person who talks to you about your problems frankly and doesn’t judge you
An ideal friend is a person who you can say no to very easily
An ideal friend for me is a person who’s out there whenever I’m uncomfortable
In my idea, an ideal friend is a person who is by my side in all circumstances
In my idea, an ideal friend is a person who doesn’t only take advantage of me and they care about my growth
In my idea, a good friend is a person who listens to me carefully when I speak and supports me in bad and good conditions
In my idea, an ideal friend is someone who is honest and careful
I think an ideal friend is a person who helps me in bad conditions and has good manners
A good friend to me is someone who’s caring and kind and listens to me carefully
A good friend is a person who makes me smile
An ideal friend is someone who is by my side in both happy and difficult times
A good friend, in my idea is a person who supports me mentally and doesn’t judge
Manipulate
Misuse
The teenage girls who were at the library had braided their hair
The teenage girls who were at the library had their hair in braids
Cristiano Ronaldo is a person from a poor family who achieved success through hard work and effort. Yesterday he scored his 930th goal.
I think an ideal husband is a person who surprises me on my birthday on a cruise ship without me knowing it and invites my best friends and closest family members and buys me jewelry
The souvenir (which) I loved so much is now lost
I love the friends who I laugh with crazily when we get together
The country which I traveled to has hot weather
It was an amazing moment for me when my best friend’s baby was born
Friendly family members are people who have good conversations with each other
A kind friend is someone who helps me cheat on an exam
.
The man who robbed the bank was wearing a black mask and clothes
I have a friend who loves music and he has a guitar (which) he plays every day
The birds have made a nest on the head of the man who has curly hair
.
C….when ….B
When you are working tomorrow, I will arrive
When B1, C2
Tomorrow when I arrive, you will be working
When B2, C1
1. When he bought that car last week, he went on a trip.
A2, A2
2. Whenever he gets home, he makes a lot of noise.
Whenever B2, B2
3. Next year when he graduates, he will start the process of immigration.
When B2, C2
.
1. Tomorrow once I leave my own town, I will come towards you.
OnceB2, C2
2. After I immigrate to that country next year, I will find a good job.
After B2, C2
3. I will be waiting until you come.
Until you come, I will be waiting
Until B2, C1
1. I was walking in the yard when he suddenly heard a noise from the storeroom.
A1, A2
2. You went to the storeroom, opened the door and saw a dinosaur there.
A2, A2, A2
3. The dinosaur was sitting in the storeroom and (it was) eating a strange plant.
A1, A1
4. Tom took some of that plant.
A2
5. Now the dinosaur has been in the storeroom for about two hours, and Tom has been checking the plant for one hour.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4, B4
6. The dinosaur has a stomachache because it has eaten a lot of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1, B3
7. Whenever Tom sees something new, he tries it.
B2, B2
8. Now Tom wants to try some of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1.
9. Some minutes later, Tom will eat some of that plant and (he will) travel to a strange forest.
C2, C2
10. When he arrives in the jungle, a huge dinosaur will be waiting for him.
When B2, C1
11. The dinosaur will be very hungry.
Appearance C2 meaning C1
12. The dinosaur will chase him and (it will) try to eat him.
C2, C2
.
Non-continuous
1. They are hopeful these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. They are always hopeful.
B2
3. She’s a doctor.
B2
4. He is in his office now.
She’s in her office now
Appearance B2 meaning B1
5. Those workers are working now.
B1
6. Those workers are very tired now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
.
1. He has an old car.
B2
2. Hey guys.! I have a car today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. He has a headache today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. They have a migraine.
B2
.
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
He doesn’t usually remember important things
B2
5. what colors does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
Do you own that book?
B2
7. That dress doesn’t fit her.
That dress isn’t her size
B2
8. These days, I don’t understand her.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
10. He never needs us.
He doesn’t ever need us
B2
.
.
Top of the morning to you!
Whatever I tell you in this classroom is gonna be shown on the whiteboard right about two seconds after I say something if you refresh the whiteboard, you can see everything I have said
Non-continuous
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. She doesn’t usually remember important things.
She usually doesn’t remember important things
B2
5. What colors does she always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
7. That dress doesn’t fit her.
That dress isn’t her size
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
10. She never needs us.
She doesn’t ever need us
B2
1. They are in the classroom now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. They are in the classroom every day.
B2
3. She is sad now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. She’s a doctor.
B2
5. They are working now.
B1
6. They are tired now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
Position
موقعیت
possession
مالکیت
.
Discussion questions for term 1
1) What's something
you're really proud of? Why is it so special to you?
2) Do you prefer to spend your time inside or outside? Why ?
3)How well do you get along with your co-workers? (Explain some of your technics)
4)Why do you think people like to travel?
How about you? Do you Like traveling?
5)How much time do you spend on your hobbies daily/weekly?
——————————————————————
Discussion questions for term 2
1) . How often do you reassess your long-term goals?
2) How has technology changed the way we communicated in the past decade?
3) What were you doing when you first heard about the pandemic?
4) Has anyone ever betrayed your trust, and how did you handle it?
5) How long have you been living in your current city, and do you plan to stay?
————————————————————
Discussion questions for term 3
1) How often do you question your own biases when making decisions?
2) Are you currently working on breaking any bad habits?
3) How had technology evolved by the time smartphones became mainstream?
4) Will you still be working in the same field a decade from now? Why or why not?
5) What is usually consumed at parties in your city?
6) You leave something that you plan on eating in your fridge, but later you find that it is gone. Who was it probably eaten by?
.
Do and have
Non-continuous verbs
1. They are looking for some workers now.
B1
2. They want some workers now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
At the moment
Currently
.
The man is running
He is very happy
The man who is very happy is running
The man who is running is very happy
The students who have been working on this project for two months are very knowledgeable
The students have been working on this project for two months.
They are very knowledgeable
The students who are very knowledgeable have been working on this project for two months
The table which has taught me 12 main sentences is going to teach me relative clause.
The table which is going to teach me relative clauses has taught me 12 main sentences
The table has taught me 12 main sentences
The table is going to teach me relative clauses
The woman who was seen at the party last night was an expert
The woman was seen at the party last night
The woman was an expert
The woman who was an expert was seen at the party last night
The woman who I saw the party last night was an expert
I saw the woman at the party last night
The woman was an expert
The woman (who) I saw at the party last night was an expert
.
• What is anxiety?
• How do you feel when you are anxious?
• What makes you feel anxious?
• Can you name some things that help you relax?
• How do you calm down when you are worried?
• Do you talk to friends or family when you feel anxious?
• What are some ways to feel better when you are nervous?
• Do you feel anxious when you meet new people?
• How does your body feel when you are anxious?
• Do you like to be alone or with others when you feel anxious?
• What are some activities that make you forget your worries?
• Have you ever felt anxious before a test?
• What do you do when you can’t sleep because of worry?
• Do you think exercise helps with anxiety?
• How can deep breathing help when you feel anxious?
B3 A2
C……when…..B
1. I have read that book 3 times until now.
B3
2. The last time I read that book last night.
A2
3. It has rained so much./a lot
B3
4. It rained two hours ago.
A2
5. I was studying at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
6. I was tired at 10 o’clock last night.
AppearanceA2 meaningA1
7. I’m sitting in the classroom now.
B1
8. I am in a classroom now.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
9. I will be teaching at this time tomorrow.
C1
10. I will be in this classroom at this time tomorrow.
AppearanceC2 meaningC1
1. When I entered home last night, my mom was cooking.
A2, A1
2. Whenever I face her, she is watching a movie.
B2, B1
3. Tomorrow night when I arrive home, my brother will be sleeping.
When B2, C1
4. Tomorrow night when my brother is sleeping, I will arrive home.
When B1, C2
.
Translate the story, Tom and the dinosaur
.
Non-continuous verbs
1. It’s snowing.
B1
2. I want an umbrella now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
a umbrella. What do I want now?
I. Who wants an umbrella now?
Reason. Why do you want an umbrella now?
Emphasize. I do want an umbrella now.
Top of the morning to you!
1. I get up at 6 o’clock every morning.
Negative. I don’t get up at 6 o’clock every morning.
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
Yes/No. do they make delicious cookies from scratch?
3. They go to the park for a walk every night.
They go to the park for walking every night
They take a walk in the park every night
Negative. They don’t go to the park for a walk every night.
4. We know a lot about history.
Emphasize. We do know a lot about history.
5. The kids take their dog for walking twice a day.
Yes/No. Do the kids take their dog for walking twice a day?
Reason. Why do the kids take their dog for a walking twice out future . a day?
6. I see/meet/visit my friends during the week.
Emphasize. I do see my friends during the week.
7. You come home late every night.
Reason. Why do you come home late every night?
8. We think a lot about our future.
our future. What do you think a lot about?
Emphasize. We do you think a lot about our future?
Reason. Why do you think a lot about your.
9. We eagerly wait for our holidays every year.
We look forward to our vacations or holidays every year
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
11. They kiss their children before sleep every night.
They kiss their children before bed every night
They kiss their children before going to bed every night
They kiss their children before sleeping every night
.
he calls his best friend every day
every day. How often does he call his best friend
his best friend. Who does he call every day?
his. Whose best friend does he call every day?
calls his best friend. What does he do every day?
He. Who calls his best friend every day?
They celebrate their birthday every January
every January. How often do they celebrate their birthday?
their birthday. What do they celebrate every January?
their. Whose birthday do they celebrate every January?
celebrate their birthday. What do they do every January?
They. Who celebrates their birthday every January?
.
.
Chosen topics
Be interested in something
,
people had realized that learning English helps improve mental skills, such as memory, creativity, and self-confidence
The idea that learning English helps improve mental skills, such as memory, creativity, and self-confidence, had been realized by people
.
Immigrate
Emigrate
Migrate
constantly
people are constantly trying to earn more money
Rely on
Recession
رکود
Stocks
Stock market
Profit
سود
Prophet
پیامبر
I really liked to come to the class, but because I couldn’t come, I felt really bad
.
.
C2 comparison
1. What is your plan for next year?
What are you going to do next year?
C2
2. Perhaps I will cooperate with him in the future.
C2
3. This food will become delicious.
This food is gonna become delicious
C2 Prediction
4. You look sick today.
Appearance B2 Meaning B1
I will take care of the things instead of you
C2 New decision
.
Movie buff
I was exhausted at 8 o’clock last night and I started watching a movie
Talk about one of your bad personality traits, and one of your positive personality traits
What are your first questions to ask foreign people when you come across them?
.
Plagiarism is a serious offense these days
Paraphrasing sentences helps us change them into something else with the same meaning
My best colleague drives fast
Emphasize that.My Best colleague does drive fast.
For how many hours do you study every day?
His children play soccer in the park every day
every day. How often do his children play soccer in the park?
in the park. Where do his children play soccer every day?
play soccer. What do his children do in the park every day?
His children. Who plays soccer in the park every day?
His. Whose children play soccer in the park every day?
Reason. Why do his children play soccer in the park every day?
Saucer
Flying saucer
UFO
Unidentified flying object
1. She goes to work by bus every morning.
She. Who goes to work by bus every morning?
2. She meets her friends in the park on the weekend.
in the park. Where does she meet her friends on the weekend?
3. That device comes with the user manual for easy installation.
That device. What comes with a user manual wall for easy installation?
4. They think that exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle.
Reason. Why do they think that exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle?
5. We eagerly wait for seeing you at the party every Friday.
We look forward to seeing you at the party every Friday
every Friday. How often do we look forward to seeing you at the party?
6. They want to upgrade their skills with regular practice.
regular practice. What do they want to upgrade their skills with?
7. I give my dog a treat as a reward after she behaves well.
after she behaves well. When do you give your dog a treat as a reward?
It suits you
8. She uses her computer for both work and entertainment.
She. Who uses her computer for both work and entertainment?
8. He finds it difficult to wake up early in the morning.
9. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
10. When we need help, we ask for it.
.
1
Active skills for reading
Intro 1 2 3 4
Real
Listening
1 2 3 4
,
1. He’s telling those guys something.
He’s telling those people something
He is saying something to those people
This book
That book
These books
Those books
2. They are having fun at the party.
They are enjoying themselves at the party
3. I’m doing my best to learn a new language.
I’m trying my best to learn a new language
I’m making my best effort to learn a new language
4. He’s getting ready for his trip.
He is preparing for his trip
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
6. He is resting.
He’s taking a rest
He’s getting some rest
7. They are coming to visit us.
8. He’s thinking about his future plants.
9. He’s looking for his lost keys.
He is searching for his lost keys
10. He is giving a speech of the conference.
He is giving a lecture at the conference
.
They call their friend every other day
every other day. How often do they call their friend?
their friend. Who do they call every other day?
their. Whose friend do they call every other day?
call their friend . What do they do every other day?
Place. Where do they call their friend every other day?
Reason. Why do they call their friend every other day?
.
They. Who calls their friend every other day
Do you ever back bite?
Do you ever help your mom?
Do you ever envy your friend?
No, I seldom envy my friend
Do you ever lie to your best friend?
Yes, I usually lie to my best friend
Do you ever ride a bike?
No, I never ride a bike
No, I don’t ever ride a bike
Do you ever arrive at the class late?
Yes, I often arrive at the class late
Do you ever study?
Yes, I sometimes study
Do you ever cheat at university?
.
1. I get up at 6 o’clock every morning.
I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
3. They go to the park for walking every night.
They go to the park for a walk every night
They go walking in the park every night
They take a walk in the park every night
4. We know a lot about history.
We know about history a lot
5. The children take their dog for a walk twice a day.
The children take their dog for walking twice a day
6. I see my friends during the week.
7. You come home late every night.
8. We think a lot about our future.
We think about our future a lot
9. we wait eagerly for our holiday holidays every year.
We look forward to our holidays every year
Looking forward to your reply
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
They want traveling to Europe every summer
11. They kiss their children before sleeping every night.
They kiss their children before bed every night
They kiss their children before bedtime every night
They kiss their children before they go to bed every night
————————————————————
1. He goes to work by bus every morning.
2. He sees/visits/meets his friends in the park every weekend.
3. That machine comes with a user guide for easy installation.
That device comes with the user manual wall for easy installation
That machine has a user manual wall for easy installation
4. They think that exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle.
5. We wait eagerly for visiting you at the party every week.
They look forward to visiting you at the party every week
6. They want to improve their skills with regular practice.
7. I give my dog a treat as a reward after she behaves well.
After my dog behaves correctly, I give him a treat as a reward
8. He uses his computer for both work and entertainment.
9. She knows it difficult to wake up early in the morning.
She finds it difficult to wake up early in the morning
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
.
11. When we need help we ask for it.
.
.
*Work*
Where do you work?
Do you enjoy your job?
Do you use English for your job?
Tell me about your last job.
What do you think is the most difficult job in the world?
What do you think is the easiest job in the world? This book
*Food*
What is your favorite food? Why do you like it?
Do you like to cook? What dishes can you make?
What foods are popular in your country?
Do you prefer eating at home or at restaurants? Why?
What is a typical breakfast in your home?
Do you like spicy food?
What foods do you dislike? Why don’t you like them?
What is a traditional holiday food in your culture?
That book
These books
Those books
.
1. she tells a new story every week.
Negative. She doesn’t tell a new story every week.
Yes/No. does she tell a new story every week?
Reason. Why does she tell a new story every week?
a new story. What does she tell every week?
every week. How often does she tell a new story?
She. Who tells a new story every week?.
2. They lead their teams well.
well. How do they lead their teams?
their teams. what do they lead well?
Who do they lead well?
their. Whose teams do they lead well?
lead their teams. what do they do well?
They. Who leads their teams well?
3. She loses something every day.
She. Who loses something every day?
something. What does she lose every day?
every day. How often does she lose something?
4. They introduce a new product to people every year.
They. Who introduces a new product to people every year?
.
We are providing some equipment for him
We are providing some pieces of equipment for him
We are providing him with some equipment
B1
She’s fixing her car and he is fixing his car
She’s fixing her car and he is fixing his
B1
You’re reading your book and I’m reading mine
B1
Are you cooperating with them to make a new device?
B1
That machine is working, but its parts are making noise
B1
What are you doing there?
Why are you answering our questions?
Because I’m practicing English
What is your best friend doing now?
He’s sleeping peacefully
Where is it raining now?
What are you thinking about now?
How old are you?
How old do I seem to be?
What important things are you doing these days?
Wishing you a pleasant morning!
1. They’re trying to provide us with important information.
They are trying to provide some important information for us
B1
2. He’s starting his work and we’re starting our work.
He is starting his work and we starting ours.
B1
3. Are you thinking about your struggle with him/her?
B1
4. I’m leading my group and they are leading their group.
I’m leading my group and they are leading theirs
B2
5. That car is moving but its engine is making noise
B1
————————————————————-
1. He is telling those people something.
He is saying something to those people
B1
2. They are having fun at the party.
They are enjoying themselves at the party
B1.
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
I’m making my best effort to learn a new language
B1
4. He is preparing for his trip.
He is getting ready for his trip
B1
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
B1
6. He’s resting.
He’s getting some rest
B2
7. They are coming for visiting us.
They are coming to visit us
B1
8. He’s thinking about his future plans.
B1
9. He’s looking for his lost keys.
He’s searching for his lost keys
B1
10. he is speaking at a conference.
He is giving a speech at a conference
B1
.
What are you thinking about?
I’m thinking about what you’re gonna ask me
Why are you standing here?
Because you wanted me to come here
Why are you trying to learn English?
Because I need to learn English for my work
Don’t dot your Is and cross your Ts
What important things are you doing these days?
What’s are you thinking or what do you think about him?
Wise
What are you planning for your future?
What sense are you having that you are famous as Dr farmer?
Why are you smiling?
I’m trying to have a good time with you
What are your children doing now?
They’re studying at school
They are doing their homework
How are you feeling about this class now?
Easy questions
B1: Present Continuous
1. What are you doing right now to relax after a long day?
2. Are you eating breakfast or lunch at the moment?
3. Who are you talking to on the phone now?
4. Are you watching a TV show or series these days? What is it about?
5. What are you wearing today? Is it comfortable?
B2: Present Simple
6. Do you usually drink coffee or tea in the morning?
7. How often do you go to the park to take a walk?
8. Where do you buy fresh vegetables and fruits for your meals?
9. Do you sit down with your family for dinner every night?
10. What time do you wake up on weekdays?
B3: Present Perfect
11. Have you ever visited a new restaurant recently? What do you think of it?
12. Have you finished reading any interesting books lately?
13. What foods have you tried for the first time this year?
14. Have you seen your friends this week? How often do you get together?
15. How many times have you gone shopping this month?
B4: Present Perfect Continuous
16. How long have you been learning English or another skill?
17. Have you been exercising regularly to stay healthy?
18. What activities have you been doing to reduce stress lately?
19. How long have you been waiting for something important?
20. Have you been working hard on a project or assignment recently?
Mixed Tenses
21. Are you drinking water right now? How much water do you usually drink every day?
22. Do you cook dinner at home every night? What do you frequently cook?
23. Have you started reading a new book? Are you enjoying it?
24. What chores are you doing around the house today? Do you always do them yourself?
25. Are you planning to meet someone later? Have you already texted them about it?
Daily Life and Habits
26. Are you wearing something casual or formal today? Why do you prefer it?
27. Do you listen to music while you work or study? What songs do you like?
28. Have you cleaned your room this week? How often do you tidy up?
29. Are you carrying anything heavy in your bag right now? What is it?
30. Do you take naps during the day? How does it help you feel rested?
Social Interactions
31. Are you chatting with your classmates right now? What are you discussing?
32. Have you met new people this month? What do they do?
33. Do you laugh a lot when you spend time with your friends? What makes you laugh?
34. Are you helping someone with a task today? What are you doing for them?
35. Do you celebrate birthdays with your family? How do you usually celebrate?
Health and Fitness
36. Are you drinking enough water today? How do you remind yourself to stay hydrated?
37. Have you been practicing any sports recently? Which one is your favorite?
38. Do you eat snacks between meals? What kind of snacks do you prefer?
39. Are you feeling tired or energetic today? Why do you think so?
40. Have you been trying to improve your eating habits? What changes have you made?
B1: Present Continuous
1. What are you doing right now to relax after a long day?
2. Are you eating breakfast or lunch at the moment?
3. Who are you talking to on the phone now?
4. Are you watching a TV show or series these days? What is it about?
5. What are you wearing today? Is it comfortable?
B2: Present Simple
6. Do you usually drink coffee or tea in the morning?
7. How often do you go to the park to take a walk?
8. Where do you buy fresh vegetables and fruits for your meals?
9. Do you sit down with your family for dinner every night?
10. What time do you wake up on weekdays?
B3: Present Perfect
11. Have you ever visited a new restaurant recently? What do you think of it?
12. Have you finished reading any interesting books lately?
13. What foods have you tried for the first time this year?
14. Have you seen your friends this week? How often do you get together?
15. How many times have you gone shopping this month?
B4: Present Perfect Continuous
16. How long have you been learning English or another skill?
17. Have you been exercising regularly to stay healthy?
18. What activities have you been doing to reduce stress lately?
19. How long have you been waiting for something important?
20. Have you been working hard on a project or assignment recently?
Mixed Tenses
21. Are you drinking water right now? How much water do you usually drink every day?
22. Do you cook dinner at home every night? What do you frequently cook?
23. Have you started reading a new book? Are you enjoying it?
24. What chores are you doing around the house today? Do you always do them yourself?
25. Are you planning to meet someone later? Have you already texted them about it?
Daily Life and Habits
26. Are you wearing something casual or formal today? Why do you prefer it?
27. Do you listen to music while you work or study? What songs do you like?
28. Have you cleaned your room this week? How often do you tidy up?
29. Are you carrying anything heavy in your bag right now? What is it?
30. Do you take naps during the day? How does it help you feel rested?
Social Interactions
31. Are you chatting with your classmates right now? What are you discussing?
32. Have you met new people this month? What do they do?
33. Do you laugh a lot when you spend time with your friends? What makes you laugh?
34. Are you helping someone with a task today? What are you doing for them?
35. Do you celebrate birthdays with your family? How do you usually celebrate?
Health and Fitness
36. Are you drinking enough water today? How do you remind yourself to stay hydrated?
37. Have you been practicing any sports recently? Which one is your favorite?
38. Do you eat snacks between meals? What kind of snacks do you prefer?
39. Are you feeling tired or energetic today? Why do you think so?
40. Have you been trying to improve your eating habits? What changes have you made?
.
Scientists have found out that backbiting mother-in-law has positive effects on a lady’s brain.
Gossiping can temporarily make people feel good for several physiological reasons
Scientists have found out that backboard is a social mechanism and it’s a kind of communication between people.
Researchers have discovered that backbiting causes the heart rate to increase
Backbiting helps people learn what behavior is good in the society
.
Backbiting has a very bad effect on mind because we have to remember some annoying happenings
When I find someone who thinks like me it’s very interesting to backbite with them.
Who are you praised by?
Easy questions
B1: Present Continuous
1. What are you doing right now to relax after a long day?
2. Are you eating breakfast or lunch at the moment?
3. Who are you talking to on the phone now?
4. Are you watching a TV show or series these days? What is it about?
5. What are you wearing today? Is it comfortable?
B2: Present Simple
6. Do you usually drink coffee or tea in the morning?
7. How often do you go to the park to take a walk?
8. Where do you buy fresh vegetables and fruits for your meals?
9. Do you sit down with your family for dinner every night?
10. What time do you wake up on weekdays?
B3: Present Perfect
11. Have you ever visited a new restaurant recently? What do you think of it?
12. Have you finished reading any interesting books lately?
13. What foods have you tried for the first time this year?
14. Have you seen your friends this week? How often do you get together?
15. How many times have you gone shopping this month?
B4: Present Perfect Continuous
16. How long have you been learning English or another skill?
17. Have you been exercising regularly to stay healthy?
18. What activities have you been doing to reduce stress lately?
19. How long have you been waiting for something important?
20. Have you been working hard on a project or assignment recently?
Mixed Tenses
21. Are you drinking water right now? How much water do you usually drink every day?
22. Do you cook dinner at home every night? What do you frequently cook?
23. Have you started reading a new book? Are you enjoying it?
24. What chores are you doing around the house today? Do you always do them yourself?
25. Are you planning to meet someone later? Have you already texted them about it?
Daily Life and Habits
26. Are you wearing something casual or formal today? Why do you prefer it?
27. Do you listen to music while you work or study? What songs do you like?
28. Have you cleaned your room this week? How often do you tidy up?
29. Are you carrying anything heavy in your bag right now? What is it?
30. Do you take naps during the day? How does it help you feel rested?
Social Interactions
31. Are you chatting with your classmates right now? What are you discussing?
32. Have you met new people this month? What do they do?
33. Do you laugh a lot when you spend time with your friends? What makes you laugh?
34. Are you helping someone with a task today? What are you doing for them?
35. Do you celebrate birthdays with your family? How do you usually celebrate?
Health and Fitness
36. Are you drinking enough water today? How do you remind yourself to stay hydrated?
37. Have you been practicing any sports recently? Which one is your favorite?
38. Do you eat snacks between meals? What kind of snacks do you prefer?
39. Are you feeling tired or energetic today? Why do you think so?
40. Have you been trying to improve your eating habits? What changes have you made?
what were you cutting when it happened?
Why did you arrive late today?
I was so tired, mentally and physically because of that I arrived late
You are dead tired
You are exhausted
How many words have you memorized so far?
How do you usually memorize words?
Did you have a test at school today?
1. We have entered a new city.
B3.
2. We entered a new city last night.
A2
3. We just entered this city last night.
A2
1. What skills did you learn in childhood?
2. What major do you like to study or follow in the future?.
.
Every day, I get up early and make a cup of coffee. I usually take my notebook and start writing. Right now, I am looking for a pen because I can’t find the one I usually use. My sister always gives me good advice—she often tells me to keep things organized. At the moment, she is asking me if I know where her keys are, but I don’t!
1. Who controls what people see on social media every day?
2. What do governments hide from the public regularly?
3. Where do big companies dump their waste without consequences?
4. When do schools fail to prepare students for real life?
5. Why do parents give kids too much screen time daily?
6. How does technology harm people’s privacy all the time?
7. Who destroys animal habitats for profit every year?
8. What do politicians say to win votes but never do?
9. How do rich people keep their money safe from taxes?
10. When do companies cheat customers with bad products?
.
****************************
1. These days strange things are happening.
Strange things are happening these days
B1
2. whenever he sees me, he nags.
B2, B2
3. The policies of the countries of the world are changing in this decade.
The policies of the world‘s countries are changing in this decade
B1
4. Whenever it rains, she walks with her friend in the park.
B2, B2
————————————————
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
B2
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
B2
3. They go to the park for a walk every night.
They go to the park for walking every night
They take a walk in the park every night
B2
4. We know a lot about history.
B2
5. The children take their dog for a walk twice a day
B2
6. I see/meet/ visit my friends during the week.
B2
7. You come home late every night.
B2
8. We think a lot about our future.
B2
9. We wait for our holidays eagerly every year.
We look forward to our holidays every year..
Looking forward to your reply.
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
B2
11. They kiss their children before bedtime every night.
They kiss their children before bed every night
They kiss their children before sleeping every night
They kiss their children before they go to bed every night
.
Top of the morning to you!
My brother is painting my cupboard fast in the room
in the room. Where is my brother painting my cupboard fast?
fast. How is my brother painting my cupboard in the room?
my cupboard. What is my brother painting fast in the room?
my. Whose cupboard is my brother penning fast in the room?
painting my cupboard. What is my brother doing fast in the room?
My brother. Who is painting my cupboard fast in the room?
My. Whose brother is painting my cupboard quickly in the room?
Reason. Why is my brother painting my cupboard fast the room?
.
VOA
A computer program was developed to study the effect of human hunters on 41 kinds of large mammals
A computer program to study the effects of human hunters on 41 kinds of large mammals was developed by John Alroy
His study was based on evidence that human hunters first arrived in North America 13,000 years ago
How a group of about 100 humans could grow in number over a period of 1200 years was examined by him
Intransitive verbs, don’t have any objects so they can’t be changed into passive, but transitive verbs always have an object right after them so we can change them into passive because we have something to put instead of the subject
Such things were estimated as reproduction rates, and the amount of food humans need to survive
He said/reported/found/mentioned
It was said/reported/found/mentioned
He says
It is sad
He has said
It has been said
Is said that the animals may have been killed for food by human hunters on both continents
Human hunters may not have known farming
Farming may not have been known by human hunters
Human hunters should have learned farming
Farming should’ve been learned by human hunters
.
I it is said by Mr. Alroy that many large animals native to North America could’ve been killed off by ancient humans
Will
Be going to
The economic conditions of this country are going to become worse next year
The economic condition of this country are gonna become worse next year
.
1. Maybe we will go to the swimming pool this Friday.
C2 not sure
2. What good weather!
I will go out tonight
Sure New decision
3. I’m going to change my job in the future.
I’m gonna change my job in the future
Sure Old decision
4. Trump is not going to change the name of the Persian Gulf.
Sure knowledge/ information
Trump will not change the name of the Persian Gulf.
1. I will be going to my office at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.
I’m going to be going to my office at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning
C1
2. Perhaps I will arrive late tomorrow afternoon.
Maybe I will arrive late tomorrow afternoon
I will probably arrive late tomorrow afternoon
C2 not sure
3. You are a bad person.
I won’t talk to you anymore
I will not talk to you anymore
I will not talk to you ever again
4. I’m gonna play soccer with my friends next Friday.
(my plan is to play soccer with my friends next Friday. B2)
5. Elon Musk‘s ideas will change the future of the world.
Elon Musk‘s ideas are going to change the future of the world.
.
B2
Stubborn
لجباز
1. He increases the problems every day.
Negative. He doesn’t increase the problems every day.
Yes/No. does she increase the problems every day?
every day. How often does she increase the problems?
Place. Where does she increase the problems every day?
She. Who increases the problems every day?
2. They maintain the machines of this factory.
the machines of this factory. what do they maintain?
Reason. Why do they maintain the machine machines of this factory?
maintain the machines of this factory. what do they do?
They. Who maintains the machines of this factory?
3. The people of Iran survive in difficult conditions.
Reason. Why do the people of Iran survive in difficult conditions?
The people of Iran. Who survives in difficult conditions?
4. My friend always achieves good results.
B2
good results. What does my friend always achieve?
My friend. Who always achieves good results?
5. I always avoid stubborn people.
stubborn people. Who do I always avoid?
I. Who always avoids stubborn people.
always. How often do I avoid stubborn people?
How often do you avoid stubborn people?
.
Bob and the Talking Cat
Bob lives in a small town. He works in a bookstore and loves quiet days.
But today is not a quiet day.
Bob is standing behind the counter. A woman enters the store with a cat in her arms.
The cat is wearing sunglasses.
Bob says, “Nice cat.”
The cat looks at him and says, “Thanks, I know I’m cool.”
Bob blinks. “Did your cat just talk?”
The woman smiles. “Yes. He only talks on Mondays.”
Bob checks his calendar. It’s Monday.
The cat is now reading a cookbook. “Do you have any books on mouse recipes?” it asks.
Bob is not answering. He is slowly walking to the door.
“I think I need a vacation,” he says.
.
.
My brother is painting my cupboard quickly in the room
in the room. Where is my brother painting my cupboard quickly?
quickly. How is my brother painting my cupboard in the room?
my cupboard. What is my brother painting quickly in the room?
my. Whose cupboard is my brother painting quickly in the room?
My brother. Who is painting my cupboard quickly in the room?
My. Whose brother is painting my cupboard quickly in the room?
Reason. Why is my brother painting my cupboard quickly in the room?
B2
do/does
1. He releases a new track every year.
Negative. He doesn’t release a new track every year.
Yes/No. does he release a new track every year?
every year. How often does he release a new track?
Emphasis. He does release a new track every year.
Reason. Why does he release a new track every year?
He. Who releases a new track every year
2. They make a movie every year.
Emphasis. They do make a movie every year.
Emphasize
a movie. What do they make every year?
every year. How often do they make a movie?
They. Who makes a movie every year?
3. The students of that university write a new book every year.
Yes.No. Do the students of that university write a new book every year?
a new book. What do the students of that university write every year?
The students of that University. Who writes a new book every year?
4. My father‘s friend always feels happy.
My father’s. Whose friend always feels happy?
My father‘s friend. Who always feels happy.
always. How often does my father’s friend feel happy?
5. The sun appears in the east every morning.
Emphasize. The Sun does appear in the east every morning.
6. You lay/put your things on my table every day.
B2
.
1. I see my friend every day.
B2
I do not see my friend every day
Yes/No. do I see my friend every day?
my friend. Who do I see every day?
every day. How often do I see my friend?
Emphasis. I do see my friend every day.
2. They attend this class every week.
B2
every week. How often do they attend this class?
Reason. Why do they attend this class every week?
this class. Where do they attend every week?
Emphasize. They do attend this class every week.
3. We seem happy every day.
B2
happy. How do we seem every day?
Reason. Why do we look happy every day?
Emphasis. We do seem happy every day.
4. My friends receive a letter every other day.
B2
a letter. What do my friends receive every other day?
every other day. How often do my friends receive a letter?
5. Those people raise sheep in their city.
B2
Reason. Why do those people raise sheep in their city?
in their city. Where do those people raise sheep?
sheep. What do those people raise in their city?
.
Every day, I get up early and make a cup of coffee. I usually take my notebook and start writing. Right now, I am looking for a pen because I can’t find the one I usually use. My sister always gives me good advice—she often tells me to keep things organized. At the moment, she is asking me if I know where her keys are, but I don’t!
.
1. They are looking for a new solution these days.
B1
2. He is joking.
He’s telling a joke
B1
3. We are trying to solve a hard issue or problem.
B1
4. My friend is supplying some modern equipment.
My best friend is providing some modern equipment for me.
B1
Information/advice/equipment/furniture/news
We count words with the word piece
.
5. The students of that class are keeping up with a new educational method.
The students of that class are keeping pace with new educational methods
Keep up with the Jones’s
Top of the morning to you!
Wanna tell you something I don’t write it on the whiteboard because it takes a long time so I try to say something on the whiteboard I have right here and it is recorded for you for a long time in order to print it or keep it on your cell phone
1. My friends are creating a new device.
My friends are making a new machine
My friends are making a new piece of equipment
Information/furniture/equipment/news/advice
You count all of these words with the word piece
I collected a lot of pieces of information yesterday
2. He is searching for a new idea.
He’s looking for a new idea
B1
3. we’re telling a story.
B1
4. They are feeling good now.
B1
5. My coworker is trying to solve that problem.
My colleague is trying to solve that problem
B1
Affirmative or negative sentences
.
Mourning
.
Converse
.
1. What has she taught?
What has been taught by her?
2. Why has she taught that lesson?
Why has that lesson been taught by her?
3. Who has taught that lesson?
Who has that lesson been taught by?
4. Where did you find it?
Where was it found by you?
5. Who did you call yesterday?
Who was called by you yesterday?
6. Who is going to call you tomorrow
Who are you going to be called by tomorrow?
7. How many countries have signed the agreement?
How many countries has the agreement been signed by?
8. How does he tolerate that condition?
How is that condition tolerated by him?
9. What convention was he signing?
What convention was being signed by him?
10. What can change the world?
What can the world be changed by?
11. Which factory is going to produce that car?
Which factory is that car going to be produced by?
12. how many times have they revised the book?
How many times has the book been revised by them?
13. Who may solve our problems?
Who may our problems be solved by?
14. What problem has caused the chaos?
What problem has the chaos been caused by?
15. Who is reconstructing the walls that were destroyed last year?
Who are the walls that were destroyed last year being reconstructed by?
.
What caused many large animals in North America and Australia to disappear has long been debated by scientists
Two new studies blame ancient humans for the disappearance
Ancient humans are blamed for the disappearance by two new studies.
They say (that) human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food
They say (that) the animals may have been killed for food by human hunters
It is said (that)…
Science magazine reported the findings.
The findings were reported by Science Magazine
13,000 years ago, North America was home too many large mammals.
They included woolly mammoths, several kinds of horses, camels, and oxen
Ox/oxen
Child/children
Parenthesis/parentheses
Woolly mammoths several kinds of horses, camels, and oxen were included
What animals were included?
Course 2
When I saw him, he was studying
When A2, A1
Whenever we visit him, he is practicing
Whenever B2, B1
I will be preparing for immigration at this time next year
C1
I will graduate at this time next year
C2
1. What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?
2. What skills did you learn when you were a child?
What skills did you learn in childhood?
3. What special thing are you doing these days?
4. Who do you usually practice English with?
5. Who helps you with your English?
6. What will you be doing at 10 o’clock tonight?
7. How will you change your life in the future?
1. I was washing the dishes at 10 o’clock last night.
2. I learned basketball in childhood.
3. I’m studying English and my university lessons these days.
4. I usually practice English alone.
5. My teacher helps me with my English.
6. I will be watching soccer at 10 o’clock tonight.
7. I will change my life with working hard.
8. What time did you leave home today?
9. Who bothers you a lot?
10. What important things will you do this year?
11. What book do you love to read many times?
I love to read self development books
12. How many self-development books have you read so far?
Are pickles are more delicious
.
.
.
1. I walk to the park every day.
Negative. I don’t walk to the park every day.
Yes/No. do I walk to the park every day?
the park. Where do I walk every day?
Emphasis. I do walk to the park every day.
2. They visit me every day.
Negative. They don’t visit me every day.
Yes/No. do they visit me every day?
every day. How often do they visit me?
Reason. Why do they visit me every day?
Emphasis. They do visit me every day.
3. We watch a movie every week.
every week. How often do we watch a movie?
Reason. Why do we watch a movie every week?
a movie. What do we watch every week?
Emphasize. We do watch a movie every week.
4. My friends travel to our city every year.
our city. Where do my friends travel every year?
every year. How often do my friends travel to our city?
Emphasize. My friends do travel to our city every year.
.
I dye my hair every year
Do you read books except for school books?
.
Top of the morning to you!
Affirmative
Negative
Questions
1. They are building a house.
A house is being built by them
2. They aren’t building a house.
🏠 isn’t being built by them
3. Are they building a house?
Is a house being built by them?
4. What are they building?
What is being built by them?
1. Why are they writing an article?
Why is an article being written by them?
2. What are they writing?
What is being written by them?
3. Who is writing an article?
Who is an article being written by?
1. How many times have they done that project?
How many times has that project been done (by them)?
2. What project have they done?
what project has been done (by them)?
3. Who has done that project?
Who has that project been done by?
1. Why are they going to remove that color?
Why is that color going to be removed (by them)?
2. Which factory did you admire last week?
which factory was admired (by you) last week
3. Who affected our life terribly 50 years ago?
Who was our life terribly affected by 50 years ago?
.
1. Who are you usually praised by?
I’m usually praised by my daughter
You’re a narcissist
2. Who do you usually praise?
I usually praise my husband
3. What are you praised for?
I’m praised for my expertise
4. Why do people praise you?
.
Penny
1. She was practicing at 9 o’clock last night.
2. She is practicing now.
3. She will be practicing at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.
She will be practicing at 9 o’clock in the morning tomorrow.
1. It was raining at 5 o’clock yesterday.
A1
2. He closed the book at 5 o’clock yesterday.
A2
3. She’s thinking seriously.
B1
4. She thinks a lot.
B2
5. I will be working in my office at this time tomorrow.
C1
6. I will leave the class at this time tomorrow.
C2
.
.
AI
Artificial intelligence
Get on my nerves
Terrible
ideas
Soccer pitch
Golf course
Playground
.
1. They’re looking at her/him.
B1
her. Who are they looking at?
They. Who is looking at her?
2. We are coming to your house.
your house. Where are we coming?
We. Who is coming to your house?
3. Their players and your players are playing in our playground.
Their players and yours are playing in our playground
Their players and your players. Who is playing in our playground?
4. Artificial intelligence and its ideas are changing our world rapidly/quickly/fast.
Artificial intelligence. What is changing our world rapidly?
5. My boss’s terrible ideas are getting on my nerves these days..
.
.
1. Our country.
2. Jack’s friends.
3. Jack and sara’s friends.
4. The classes of our university.
5. my brother’s classes.
6. My friend’s house.
7. His boss.
8. That bird’s wings.
9. Those birds’ wings
.
Pronouns
Artificial intelligence or AI
Terrible
Awful
افتضاح
1. I’m calling he/him/it.
B1
2. They are giving our books to us.
They are giving us our books
B1
3. Our parents and your parents are sharing their ideas.
B1
Our parents and yours are sharing their ideas
4. My boss’s ideas are terrible.
B2
5. The ideas of that AI are changing our world.
B1
Neighborhood
1. Our class.
2. Sara‘s class.
3. The class of the university
4. Her home.
Her house
his house
5. My friend’s house.
6. The houses of our neighborhood .
7. My friend’s beautiful car.
8. Our language class.
9. His boss.
Her boss
Cop
Caught
Cup
10. The problems of my job.
.
شنا کردن swim
بوییدن smell
رقصیدن dance
دست تکان دادن wave hands
منتظر اتوبوس بودن wait for the bus
منتظر یک تماس بودن wait for a call
نوشیدن drink
اشاره کردن poin
تیراندازی کردن shoot a gun
در هوا شناور بودن float in the air
آواز خواندن sing
خواندن کتاب read a book
لباس بر تن داشتن wear
My personnel
My staff
My employees
Heavily
It (rain/snow/get dark/get light/get hot/get cold)
Region
Area
منطقه
my personnel are doing the project fast/quickly in the company
It’s raining heavily in our region today
B1
1. She’s telling those people something.
something. What is she telling those people?
Omit she. Who is telling those people something
2. They are having a good time at the party.
at the party. where are they having fun?
They. Who is having a good time at the party
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
4. he is getting ready for his trip.
He is preparing for his trip
B1
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
B1
6. She is resting.
She’s taking a rest
She’s getting some rest
B1
7. They are coming for visiting us.
They are coming to visit us
8. She’s thinking about her future plans.
B1
9. She’s looking for her lost keys.
He’s looking for his lost keys
10. He is speaking at the conference.
He is giving a speech at a conference
B1
.
1. They have been evaluating the loss for an hour.
The loss has been being evaluated (by them) for an hour
B4
2. She made a movie last year.
A movie was made (by her) last year
A2
3. Was he doing something important at 9 o’clock last night?
Was something important being done by him at 9 o’clock last night?
A1
4. The boss of the company is going to employ a few new people.
A few new people are going to be employed by the boss of the company
C2
5. He will have taught the whole book by the end of this year.
The whole book will have been taught (by him) by the end of this year
6. They had been studying the new lesson for a while by the time we met them.
The new lesson has been being studied by them for a while by the time they were met
A4, A2
7. He knows all the members.
All the members are known by him
B2
8. Does he need some information?
Is some information needed by him
B2
9. Did they discover a new element in 1901?
Was a new element, discovered by them in 1901
10. Is she going to be writing a letter at 10:15 tomorrow?
Is a letter going to be being written by her at 10:15 tomorrow?
Are they creating a new picture?
Is a new p picture being created by them?
Does he fix classic cars?
Are classic cars fixed by him
Did they recover the pieces of information efficiently.
Where the pieces of information recovered by them efficiently?
Are they going to analyze the information next week?
Is the information going to be analyzed by them next week?
Do they consider the problems seriously?
Are the problems considered by them seriously?
.
Every morning, Sarah wakes up at 6 a.m. and goes for a run. She enjoys the fresh air and listens to music as she runs.
Right now, she is running through the park and is listening to her favorite podcast.
She has already run five kilometers today, and she has been running regularly for the past three years.
Since she started this routine, she has felt more energetic and focused throughout the day.
Resign resigned resigned
Quit quit quit
Yesterday evening
in the evening yesterday
.
Quit
دست کشیدن
Quiet
ساکت
Quite
کاملا
.
1. I was getting ready for immigration at this time last year.
A1
2. I resigned at this time last year.
A2
3. I visited./saw./met my friend three days ago
A2
4. I was talking to my friend at 9:45 last night.
A1
5. I was fixing my car yesterday evening.
A1
I fixed my car yesterday evening
A2
1. Penny was thinking about a party at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to a birthday party.
A2
3. A number of her friends came to her house in the morning today.
A2
4. They brought her some gifts.
A2
5. After a few moments, a magician entertained them.
A2
6. He did weird things.
He did strange things
A2
7. When he was doing magic, the children were watching and feeling surprised.
A1, A1, A1
8. Now the children are sitting at the table and (there are) helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They love birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mom is bringing the cake.
B1
11. She has made this cake by herself
B3.
12. The children have been having fun together for a few hours now.
B4
The children have been together for a few hours now
AppearanceB3 ant meaningB4
.
A2
Adjectives
1. Happy – خوشحال
2. Joyful – شاد
3. Excited – هیجانزده
4. Pleased – راضی
5. Content – خشنود
6. Delighted – بسیار خوشحال
7. Overjoyed – سر از پا نشناختن
8. Grateful – قدردان
9. Ecstatic – بسیار سرخوش و خوشحال
Idioms & Phrases:
In high spirits – سرحال و خوشحال
Full of the joys of spring – پر از انرژی و شادی
Feeling on top of the world – احساس فوقالعاده و خوشحالی شدید
.
1. All my friends are doing a project in our company today.
Yes/No. Are all my friends doing a project in our company today?
In our company. Where are all my friends doing a project today?
Doing a project. What are all my friends doing in our company today?
Reason. Why are all my friends doing a project in our company today?
All my friends. Who is doing a project in our company today?
2. It is raining heavily in our region today.
rain/snow/get dark/get light/get cold/get hot
heavily. How is it raining in our region today?
In our region. Where is it raining heavily today?
Omit
.
1. He is telling those people something.
B1
2. They are having fun at the party.
B1
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
B1
4. He’s getting ready for his trip.
He is preparing for his trip
B1
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
B1
6. He is resting.
He’s taking some rest
He is taking a rest
7. They are coming to visit us.
They are coming for visiting us
B1
8. He is thinking about his future plans.
9. He is looking for his lost keys.
10. He is speaking at a conference.
He is giving a speech at a conference.
.
.
Passive
1. He was fixing his car at 3 o’clock yesterday.
A1
His car was being fixed at 3 o’clock yesterday
2. She had edited two pages until 3 o’clock yesterday.
A3
Two pages had been edited (by her) until 3 o’clock yesterday
3. He had been checking that machine for two hours until 3 o’clock yesterday.
A4
That machine had been being checked by him for two hours until 3 o’clock yesterday
4. She started the project at 3 o’clock yesterday.
A2
The project was started by her at 3 o’clock yesterday
.
.
Hold a party
Go on a pilgrimage
Together
In the spring last year
Every other week
1. They hold a party every week.
B2
Negative. They don’t hold a party every week.
Yes/No. do they hold a party every week?
Emphasize. They do hold a party every week.
Every week. How often do they hold a party?
A party. What do they hold every week?
Hold the party. What do they do every week?
They. Who holds a party every week
2. She calls her friend every other week.
Every other week. How often does she call her friend?
her friend . Who does she call every other week?
She. Who calls her friend every other week?
Emphasize. She does call her friend every other week.
3. We went on a pilgrimage together in the spring last year
A2
Negative. We didn’t go on a pilgrimage together in the spring last year.
Yes/No. did we go on a pilgrimage together in the spring last year?
Emphasize. We did go on a pilgrimage together in the spring last year.
Last year. When did you go on a pilgrimage together?
We. Who went on a pilgrimage together in the spring last year.
Ask about the reason. Why did we go on a pilgrimage together in the spring last year?
.
تمرین تصویری ۱
Develop
Seriously
My project
He is developing my project seriously at the university
Negative. He is not developing my project seriously at the university.
Yes/No. Is he developing my project seriously at the university?
At the university
Where is he developing my project seriously?
Seriously
How is he developing my project at the university?
My project
What is he developing seriously at the university?
My
Whose project is he developing seriously at the university?
Developing my project
What’s he doing seriously at the university?
He
Who is developing my project seriously at the university?
Ask about reason
Why is he developing my project seriously at the university?
Lack of knowledge
.
.
.
.
.
WH
He is fixing my car carefully in the garage
Negative. He is not fixing my car carefully in the garage.
Yes/No. Is he fixing my car carefully in the garage?
In the garage
Where is he fixing my car carefully?
Carefully
How is he fixing my car in the garage?
my car
What is he fixing carefully in the garage?
Fixing my car
What is he doing carefully in the garage?
my
Whose car is he fixing carefully in the garage?
He
Who is fixing my car carefully in the garage?
Ask about reason
Why is he fixing my car carefully in the garage?
.
Which
Witch
What are you doing now?
What is your wife doing now?
She’s taking care of herself
Why are you learning English?
.
I have three siblings
Evaluate
ارزیابی کردن
1. He was evaluating the problem at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
The problem was being evaluated (by him) at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon
A1
2. She had called Sara three times by 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
Sara had been called by her three times by 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon
A3
3. He had been reading that book for an hour until 3 o’clock yesterday.
That book had been being read by him for an hour until 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon
A4
4. I did that project two years ago.
That project was done by me two years ago
A2
Peacefully
Crib
1. They are reading a useful book these days.
B1
Negative. They’re not reading a useful book these days.
2. He is thinking about his problems.
B1
Negative. He isn’t thinking about his problems.
3. They are maintaining the machines.
B1
Negative. They aren’t maintaining the machines.
Ought to
1. The baby is sleeping peacefully in the crib.
Negative. The baby is not sleeping peacefully in the crib.
Yes/No. is the baby sleeping peacefully in the crib?
1. Is my mom cooking the dinner in the kitchen?
2. Are they playing soccer in the park?
3. Is she wearing a beautiful shirt today?
What dressing would you like for your salad?
What sauce would you like for your salad?
4. Is the baby sleeping peacefully in the crib?
.
Mother-in-law
Husband
Wife
Spouse
1. They are fixing the door.
A door is being fixed (by them)
2. She fixes a door every day.
A door is fixed (by him) every day
3. They have fixed a car.
A car has been fixed (by them)
4. He has been fixing this machine for one year.
This machine has been being fixed (by him) for a year
.
Crib
Peacefully
1. She was watching a movie at 9 o’clock last night.
A1.
Negative. She wasn’t watching a movie at 9 o’clock last night.
Yes/No. Was is she watching a movie at 9 o’clock last night?
Reason. Why was she watching a movie at 9 o’clock last night?
She. Who was watching a movie at 9 o’clock last night
2. The children were drawing in their notebooks at this time yesterday.
at this time. When were the children drawing in their notebooks yesterday?
their notebooks. In what were the children drawing at this time yesterday?
drawing in their notebooks. What were the children doing at this time yesterday?
The children. Who was drawing in their notebooks at this time yesterday.
3. The baby was sleeping peacefully in the crib at 8 o’clock this morning.
in the crib. Where was the baby sleeping peacefully at 8 o’clock this morning?
Reason. Why was the baby sleeping peacefully in the crib this morning?
sleeping. What was the baby doing peacefully in the crib this morning?
.
اول لطفا ترجمه کنید
1. من دارم از کامپیوترم برای کار بر روی یک پروژه استفاده میکنم.
2. او هر روز از تلفن همراهش برای تماس با دوستانش استفاده میکند.
3. او درباره شغل جدیدش در این شهر به من گفته است.
4. آنها از من در مورد اینکه در وقت آزادشان باید چه کاری انجام دهند، سوال میکنند.
5. ما مدت طولانی در حال کار بر روی این پروژه بودهایم (هستیم).
6. وقتی اوقات خود را با خانواده اش میگذراند احساس خوشحالی میکند.
7. اخیراً در تلاش برای بهبود مهارتهای آشپزی خود بوده است.
8. آنها امروز اداره را ترک کردهاند.
9. من به دکتر زنگ زدهام تا وقت ملاقاتی را تعیین کنم.
10. این شرکت به کارکنان خود بیمه سلامتی ارائه میدهد
1. I’m using my computer to work on a project.
B1
2. She uses her phone to call her friends every day..
B2
3. She has told me about her new job in this city.
B3
4. They ask me about what to do in their free time.
B2
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4
6. He feels happy when he spends time with his family.
B2,B2
7. He has been trying to improve his cooking skills recently.
B4
8. They have left the office for the day.
B3
9. I have called the doctor to set an appointment.
B3
10. This company gives its employees health insurance.
B2
Crib گهواره
با آرامش Peacefully
شنا کردن swim
بوییدن smell
رقصیدن dance
دست تکان دادن wave hands
منتظر اتوبوس بودن wait for the bus
منتظر یک تماس بودن wait for a call
نوشیدن drink
اشاره کردن point
تیراندازی کردن shoot a gun
در هوا شناور بودن float in the air
آواز خواندن sing
خواندن کتاب read a book
لباس بر تن داشتن wear
B1
1. The children are drawing in their notebooks.
The children aren’t drawing in their notebooks
Yes/No. are the children drawing in their books?
2. My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.
B1
My mother isn’t cooking dinner in the kitchen
Is my mom cooking dinner in the kitchen?
3. The birds are singing on the trees.
B1
The birds aren’t singing on the trees
Are the birds singing on the trees?
4. You are wearing a beautiful dress today.
B1
You aren’t wearing a beautiful dress today
Are you wearing a beautiful dress today?
1. The baby is sleeping peacefully in the crib.
Negative. The baby isn’t sleeping peacefully in the crib.
Yes/No. is the baby sleeping peacefully in the crib?
2. He’s checking an article.
Negative. She isn’t checking an article.
Yes/No. is she checking an article?
3. We aren’t eating/having lunch in a restaurant.
4. Is he driving to his work?
Is she driving to her work?
.
.
Easy questions
B1: Present Continuous
1. What are you doing right now to relax after a long day?
2. Are you eating breakfast or lunch at the moment?
3. Who are you talking to on the phone today?
4. Are you watching a TV show or series these days? What is it about?
5. What are you wearing today? Is it comfortable?
B2: Present Simple
6. Do you usually drink coffee or tea in the morning?
7. How often do you go to the park to take a walk?
8. Where do you buy fresh vegetables and fruits for your meals?
9. Do you sit down with your family for dinner every night?
10. What time do you wake up on weekdays?
B3: Present Perfect
11. Have you ever visited a new restaurant recently? What do you think of it?
12. Have you finished reading any interesting books lately?
13. What foods have you tried for the first time this year?
14. Have you seen your friends this week? How often do you get together?
15. How many times have you gone shopping this month?
B4: Present Perfect Continuous
16. How long have you been learning English or another skill?
17. Have you been exercising regularly to stay healthy?
18. What activities have you been doing to reduce stress lately?
19. How long have you been waiting for something important?
20. Have you been working hard on a project or assignment recently?
Mixed Tenses
21. Are you drinking water right now? How much water do you usually drink every day?
22. Do you cook dinner at home every night? What do you frequently cook?
23. Have you started reading a new book? Are you enjoying it?
24. What chores are you doing around the house today? Do you always do them yourself?
25. Are you planning to meet someone later? Have you already texted them about it?
Daily Life and Habits
26. Are you wearing something casual or formal today? Why do you prefer it?
27. Do you listen to music while you work or study? What songs do you like?
28. Have you cleaned your room this week? How often do you tidy up?
29. Are you carrying anything heavy in your bag right now? What is it?
30. Do you take naps during the day? How does it help you feel rested?
Social Interactions
31. Are you chatting with your classmates right now? What are you discussing?
32. Have you met new people this month? What do they do?
33. Do you laugh a lot when you spend time with your friends? What makes you laugh?
34. Are you helping someone with a task today? What are you doing for them?
35. Do you celebrate birthdays with your family? How do you usually celebrate?
Health and Fitness
36. Are you drinking enough water today? How do you remind yourself to stay hydrated?
37. Have you been practicing any sports recently? Which one is your favorite?
38. Do you eat snacks between meals? What kind of snacks do you prefer?
39. Are you feeling tired or energetic today? Why do you think so?
40. Have you been trying to improve your eating habits? What changes have you made?
.
1. She accepted all of my ideas.
A2
2. She has accused me many times until now.
B3
3. She had been baking a cake for one hour until 9 o’clock last night.
A4
4. You will get good things at this company.
You will earn good things at this company
You will achieve
You will gain
You will obtain
C2
5. She calculates the amount of loss every day.
B2
6. What music are you dancing to?.
B1
7. How do you dare to say that word to me?
Appearance B2 meaning B2
8. I will have emphasized that issue many times until the end of this year.
C3
9. I will have been feeding these animals for six months until the end of this year.
C4
10. I have been hesitating about doing that for 30 minutes.
B4
11. He had never ignored me until last night.
He had never let me down until last night
12. I will be running in the park at this time tomorrow.
I will be jogging in the park at this time tomorrow
C1
13. At this time yesterday, everyone was laughing at me.
A1
.
1. Who controls what people see on social media every day?
2. What do governments hide from the public regularly?
3. Where do big companies dump their waste without consequences?
4. When do schools fail to prepare students for real life?
5. Why do parents give kids too much screen time daily?
6. How does technology harm people’s privacy all the time?
7. Who destroys animal habitats for profit every year?
8. What do politicians say to win votes but never do?
9. How do rich people keep their money safe from taxes?
10. When do companies cheat customers with bad products?
11. Why do some people fear artificial intelligence?
12. How do influencers trick teenagers into buying things often?
13. Who decides what news gets attention every week?
14. What do violent video games teach children regularly?
15. Where do workers face unfair treatment?
16. Why do doctors care more about money than patients?
17. Why do countries fight over land instead of sharing it?
18. How does fast fashion damage the planet every season?
19. Who judges people based on looks more than actions?
20. What do teachers focus on instead of useful skills?
21. Why do some countries prioritize economic growth over human rights?
22. What makes some people ignore climate change facts?
23. Who benefits the most from wars around the world?
24. How do corporations influence political decisions?
25. Why do some people believe fake news more than real facts?
26. What do fast food chains do to influence children’s eating habits?
27. How do celebrities shape society’s values?
28. Why do some governments censor information on the internet?
29. What causes discrimination in modern workplaces?
30. How do reality TV shows impact people’s behavior?
31. Who profits from the exploitation of migrant workers?
32. Why do some people refuse to recycle even when it’s easy?
33. What motivates people to spread hate on social media?
34. How do multinational companies avoid paying taxes?
35. Why do some countries continue to use fossil fuels despite alternatives?
36. What makes some people ignore mental health issues?
37. Who benefits from controlling the media?
38. Why do some people deny the importance of education?
39. What motivates people to participate in protests?
40. How does consumerism affect personal happiness?
.
The power of subconscious mind
.
Tenses
Compile a book
1. She has been writing an article (recently).
B4
an article: what has she been writing (recently)?
2. She has made a movie recently.
B3
a movie. What has she made recently?
Reason. Why has she made a movie recently?
She. Who has made a movie recently.
made a movie. What has she done recently?
he compiles a book every two years
B2
every two years. How often does he compile a book?
Emphasize. He does compile a book every two years.
He. Who compiles the book every two years.
a book, what does he compile every two years?
I’m going through a big change in my life this year
I’m experiencing a big change in my life this year
I’m having a big change in my life this year
I’m dealing with a big change in my life this year
.
Do you have breakfast every morning?
No, I don’t have breakfast every morning
B2
Where are you going now?
I’m going home
B1
Have you ever been to London?
No, I haven’t
B3
What book have you been reading recently?
I’ve been reading toxic people
B4
What is your education?
My degree is MA of business law
B2
How long have you lived in this city?
.
. When I wanna write something down for you on the whiteboard, just write it down on the whiteboard of the website at a very high speed and everything is recorded there with a very high-quality and precision.
1. He is reading a book now.
B1
2. They are playing soccer in the park.
B1
3. I’m watching a movie.
B1
4. He’s talking to his friend on the phone.
B1
5. We are studying for our exam this week.
B1.
1. What are you doing now?
I’m listening to you
2. What is your best friend doing now?
My best friend is working now
3. What are we doing now?
We are learning English now
4. Is your dad working or resting now?
My dad is working now
5. What am I trying to do?
You are trying to teach us English
What are you wearing?
I’m wearing a suit
What is your daughter doing?
They are doing their homework
How are you doing?
I’m doing well
What are you thinking about?
I’m thinking about my good students
You’re waiting for our questions
When I talk in English here when I tell you something about one of those grammatical points, it is printed right on the whiteboard and you can see that a couple of seconds after I finish talking
What is your name?
My name is Honey
What’s your major?
My major is counseling
I counsel people
I’m a counselor
.
1. He is studying a book now.
He is reading a book now
B1
2. They are playing soccer in the park.
B1
3. I’m watching a movie.
B1
4. She’s talking with her friends on the phone.
B1
5. We are studying for our exam this week.
B1
What are you doing now?
I’m writing some sentences
What is she doing now?
She’s writing some sentences
What am I doing?
You are teaching us
What are you doing?
I’m listening to you
What is your best friend doing now?
He’s working now
What is your dad doing now?
He’s working right now
What are the cars doing on the street?
They are moving on the street
What is your mother doing now?
She’s watching TV
Is she watching a TV series?
Yes, she is
What are your friends doing now?
They are listening to the teacher
MN
1. If I have that book, I will learn this lesson.
Real
2. If I had that book now, I would learn that lesson.
Unreal
3. If I’d had that book yesterday, I would’ve learned that lesson.
Regret
1. If I had bought gold last year, I would be rich now.
2. If it had snowed last winter, we would have a better summer.
3. If it had rained last night, the weather would be better now.
4. If he had become our teacher sooner, our English would be better now.
5. If I had changed my car last year, my expenses would decrease now.
If I had changed my car last year, my expenses would be less now
6. If I had studied another major, I would work for another company now.
7. If I had fixed my car last year, I would pay less now.
Deal with
سر و کار داشتن
deal in
خرید و فروش کردن
What + Second Conditional:
What would you do if you found a wallet full of money on the street?
Where + Third Conditional:
Where would you have gone on your last vacation if you had had more time and money?Who + First Conditional:
Who will you ask for help if you have a problem you can’t solve on your own?Why + Mixed Conditional:
Why would you be happier now if you had made different choices in the past?How + Zero Conditional:
How do you feel if you don’t eat breakfast in the morning?1. If it was/ were raining now, I wouldn’t leave here.
2. If I were resting now, I would have a better feeling.
If I were resting now, I would be feeling better
If I were resting now, I would feel better
.
Sa
.
1. What is happening in our country these days?
B1
The most important problem that people are dealing with is the economic problem, which is putting people under a lot of pressure these days. The conditions are getting worse nowadays. .
2. What concern do people have in our country every day?
The people of our country deserve to have a better life
The people in the countries around us have good living conditions, and that is something that I’m jealous of because I think our people deserve to have a life quality like that
3. What has created the current conditions in our country?
The officials of Uganda don’t think about their people, and although their are people are under a lot of hard conditions, they only pay attention to the neighboring countries and they want to do some unimportant things that are not effective in their own countries
Make a serious decision
Thief
All people will be thieves
Pension funds
Greece
یونان
Pension funds organization
صندوقبازنشستگی
In that country ideology is prior to economy and politics
4. What percent are you hopeful about the future of our country?
Culture
فرهنگ
unfortunately
متاسفانه
opportunity
فرصت
if the people who immigrated to other countries come back to Iran because they have money and skills, we will develop our country very fast and we will have a much better life compared to the life. People have in Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia, and all the countries around us.
Immigrate
مهاجرت کردن
Immigrant
مهاجر
sometimes I speak with the people who have immigrated. they tell me that immigrants don’t have a good life abroad.
As we have a bad idea about the Afghans who live in Iran
They have a bad idea about Iranian immigrants
4. Have you ever thought of immigration to a foreign country?
Leave
Live
5. How long have you been analyzing the conditions of your country this way?
Are there anything you wanna add to the discussion we had today?
1. If I see him tomorrow, I will talk to him.
Real
2. If I saw him now, I would talk to him if I saw him.
If I saw him tomorrow, I would talk to him
Unreal
3. If I had seen her yesterday, I would have spoken with her.
Regret
1. If I was/were in the US now, I would have better conditions.
Unreal
2. If you had been at the party yesterday, you would have had a lot of fun
Regret
3. If you are kind, you will make more friends.
Real
.
The places I’m attracted to are located in different parts of the world
There are so many places that have been introduced to people as tourist attractions
Places where people can find the things they can’t normally find in their own countries are really fascinating, and a lot of tourists are attracted to them
Try to pepper your sentences with more structures
Islamic Republic
They forced people to believe in some things believe in something
My ideas about God have been affected a lot by that book
People were forced to believe in some things (that)
they didn’t like
Yalda is celebrated by all Iranians all over our country
Some special foods and snacks are eaten by people at this night
The foods (which) people eat together are some traditional and ethnic foods
The foods which are eaten by people are some traditional and ethnic foods
The foods eaten by people are some traditional and ethnic foods
People eat some foods which give them freshness and joy
People eat some foods given them freshness and joy
I’m entertained by many things like reading books
When I read books, I’m given a lot of useful information which help me improve my conditions
When I read books, I’m given a lot of useful information helping me improve my conditions
I faced some crabs
🦀
I was faced with some crabs
Lobster 🦞
When you speak a lot and practice structures and words after a while, what you say becomes subconscious
Canned crab
Conserved crab
what is the most enjoyable activity you do with your friends?
Which trip or which trips do you remember that gave you a lot of pleasure?
Do you have any plans for future trips?
where are you gonna go?
Who is concerts have you participated in so far?
.
1. He is making progress.
B1
2. She always exercises.
B2
3. They are always happy.
B2
4. He hasn’t arrived yet.
B3
5. He has been working in this organization for two years.
B4
1.
B1. He is feeling hungry.
B2. He loves hamburgers.
B3. He has not eaten anything since morning.
B4. he has been waiting for the coffee shop since two hours ago.
2.
B1. She’s thirsty.
Appearance B2 meaningB1
B2. She prefers cola.
B3. She has drunk five cans of cola since yesterday.
B4. She has been feeling thirsty for two hours.
3&4
B1. They are waiting for the flight.
B2. They always travel by airplane.
B3. They have visited many countries so far.
B4. They have been waiting for the flight since four hours ago.
5.
B1. She’s feeling angry.
B2. She gets angry quickly.
B3. She hasn’t arrived her destination yet.
B4. She has been arguing with the clerk for half an hour.
11&12
B1. They are exhausted.
Appearance B2 meaning B2
B2. They travel together.
B3. They have had heavy backpacks.
B4. They have been resting since morning.
13.
B1. She’s reading a newspaper.
B2. she likes reading newspapers.
B3. She has bought a newspaper.
B4. She has been reading a newspaper for an hour.
14.
B1. He’s feeling hot.
He’s wearing a warm coat
B2…………………
B3. He has put on a warm coat.
B4. He has been feeling hot for a couple of minutes.
15.
B1. She’s reading a sad book currently.
B2. She reads sad books.
B3. She has read 75 pages.
B4. She has been reading a sad book recently.
.
What’s the best movie you’ve ever seen, and why did you like it?
(Possible answer: "The best movie I’ve ever seen is Inception, which is about dreams and reality.")Who is someone you admire, and what makes them special?
(Possible answer: "I admire my grandmother, who always supported me no matter what.")What’s your favorite place to visit, and what do you like about it?
(Possible answer: "My favorite place is Paris, where you can see the Eiffel Tower.")What’s a skill you’d like to learn, and why is it important to you?
(Possible answer: "I’d like to learn how to play the guitar, which is a great way to express creativity.")What’s the most interesting book you’ve read, and what’s it about?
(Possible answer: "The most interesting book I’ve read is 1984, which describes a dystopian future.")What’s your favorite food, and how is it prepared?
(Possible answer: "My favorite food is sushi, which is made with raw fish and rice.")What’s a tradition in your country that you enjoy, and why is it meaningful?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy the Lunar New Year, when families gather to celebrate and share meals.")What’s a hobby you have, and how did you get started with it?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy painting, which I started doing when I was a child.")What’s a memorable trip you’ve taken, and what made it special?
(Possible answer: "I went to Japan last year, where I saw cherry blossoms for the first time.")What’s a challenge you’ve overcome, and how did you do it?
(Possible answer: "I overcame my fear of public speaking, which I did by practicing every day.")Instinctively
Lack of the father’s leadership
Utopia
Ewer
Girls who broke taboo
T3
2. If you had been studying all day yesterday, you would succeed in the test now.
Mixed
3. If I had been hired by that company 10 years ago, I would have a better life now.
Mixed
4. If I had been hired at that company 10 years ago, I wouldn’t have continued my studies.
T3
5. If you were traveling now, you would be having a good time.
T2
6. If he is still working now, he will be tired of the party tonight.
T1
7. If we didn’t study at school, they called our parents.
Rule in past
- If somebody works well in this country, they will succeed. T1
If somebody works well in this country, they succeed. Rule in present
- If people become aware, they will live better
T1
If people become aware, they live better Rule in present
- If you came to the park with me tomorrow, we could exercise together T2
The children of Jackson school
1. The children of Jackson school camped with their teacher in a jungle several hours ago.
A2
2. When they arrived there, the jungle was dark and quiet.
A2, appearanceA2 meaningA1
3. They hadn’t camped in a jungle until that time.
A3
4. One hour later, three of the children left the tent while the others were sleeping.
A2, A1
5. now they have been wandering in the jungle for three hours.
B4
6. They have lost the way and they don’t know the camp location.
B3, appearanceB2 meaningB1
7. These children are very playful and whenever they enter a new place they search there.
B2, B2, B2
8. They have been in the jungle totally for six hours and their friends have been looking for them for one hour
AppearanceB3 meaningB4, B4
9. Some moments later, they will encounter a ghost.
C2/prediction
10. When they see the ghost they will run away.
When B2, C2
11. In half an hour, they will arrive at an old house.
C2
12. When they arrive at that house, their friends will have arrived, and they will be waiting for them.
When B2, C3, C1
13. Their teacher is going to punish them and (he is going to) not take them to camps anymore.
C2, C2
.
Extraordinary
Incredible
Amazing
Great
An article
یک مقاله
1. They are writing an article now.
B1
An article: what are they writing now?
They: who is riding an article now
2. They write a letter every day.
B2
A letter. What do they write every day?
They. Who writes a letter every day
3. She is cleaning her car now.
She is cleaning her automobile now
B1
Her car. What is she cleaning now?
She. Who is cleaning her car now?
4. She cleans her car every day.
B2
Every day. How often does she clean her car?
She. Who cleans her car every day
5. She has an amazing idea.
B2
An amazing idea. What does she have?
She. Who has an amazing idea.
6. She does her duty well every day.
B2
Every day. How often does she do her duty well
Well. How does she do her duty every day?
Her duty. What does he do well every day
She. Who does her duty well every day?
1.
B1. He is feeling hungry.
B2. He loves hamburgers.
B3. He hasn’t eaten anything since morning.
B4. He has been waiting for the coffee shop since two hours ago.
2.
B1. She’s thirsty.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
B2. She prefers cola.
B3. She has drunk five cans of cola since yesterday.
B4. She has been feeling thirsty for two hours.
3&4
B1. They are waiting for the flight.
B2. They always travel by airplane.
B3. They have visited many countries so far.
B4. They’ve been waiting for the flight since four hours ago.
5.
B1. She’s feeling angry.
B2. She gets angry quickly.
B3. She has not arrived at her destination yet.
B4. She has been arguing with the clerk for a half an hour.
11&12
B1. They are exhausted.
B2. They travel together.
B3. They have had heavy backpacks.
B4. They have been resting since morning.
13.
B1. She’s reading a newspaper.
B2. She likes reading newspapers.
B3. She has bought a newspaper.
B4. She has been reading a newspaper for an hour.
14.
B1. He is feeling hot.
He is wearing a warm coat
B2………………….
B3. He has put on a warm coat.
B4. He has been feeling hot for a couple of minutes.
15.
B1. She’s reading a sad book currently.
B2. She reads sad books.
B3. She has read 75 pages.
B4. She has been reading a sad book recently.
.
Review
What’s the best movie you’ve ever seen, and why did you like it?
(Possible answer: "The best movie I’ve ever seen is Inception, which is about dreams and reality.")Who is someone you admire, and what makes them special?
(Possible answer: "I admire my grandmother, who always supported me no matter what.")What’s your favorite place to visit, and what do you like about it?
(Possible answer: "My favorite place is Paris, where you can see the Eiffel Tower.")What’s a skill you’d like to learn, and why is it important to you?
(Possible answer: "I’d like to learn how to play the guitar, which is a great way to express creativity.")What’s the most interesting book you’ve read, and what’s it about?
(Possible answer: "The most interesting book I’ve read is 1984, which describes a dystopian future.")What’s your favorite food, and how is it prepared?
(Possible answer: "My favorite food is sushi, which is made with raw fish and rice.")What’s a tradition in your country that you enjoy, and why is it meaningful?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy the Lunar New Year, when families gather to celebrate and share meals.")What’s a hobby you have, and how did you get started with it?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy painting, which I started doing when I was a child.")What’s a memorable trip you’ve taken, and what made it special?
(Possible answer: "I went to Japan last year, where I saw cherry blossoms for the first time.")What’s a challenge you’ve overcome, and how did you do it?
(Possible answer: "I overcame my fear of public speaking, which I did by practicing every day.")
Remarkable people
1. A few hours ago, that children of Jackson school camped with their teacher in a forest.
A2
2. When they arrived there, the forest was dark and silent.
A2, appearanceA2 meaningA1
3. They had not camped in a forest until that time.
A3
4. One hour later, three of the children left the tents while everyone was sleeping.
While the others were sleeping
A2, A1
While the others were asleep
, appearanceA2 meaningA1
—————————————
5. Now they have been wandering in the jungle for three hours.
B4
6. They have lost the way and (they) don’t know the location of the camp.
B3, A2, appearanceB2 meaningB1
7. These children are very playful and whenever they enter a new place, they search their.
B2, B2, B2
8. They have been in the forest totally for six hours and their friends have been looking for them for one hour.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4, B4
—————————————
9. Some moments later, they will encounter a ghost.
C2
10. When they see the ghost they will run away.
When B2, C2
11. Half an hour later they will arrive at an old house.
C2
12. When they enter the house, their friends will have arrived there, and they will be waiting for them.
When B2, C3, C1
13. Their teacher is going to punish them and (he is going to) never take them to camp anymore.
C2, C2
.
Non-continuous
1. I have been preparing this food for one hour.
B4
2. I have needed help for an hour.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
1. I’ve been sitting here for one hour.
B4
2. I have been here for one hour.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
1. He has been feeling tired for a long time.
B4
He has felt tired for a long time
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
2. She’s been tired for a long time.
She has been tired for a long time
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
1.
B1. He is feeling hungry.
B2. He loves hamburgers.
B3. He has not eaten anything since morning.
B4. He has been waiting for the coffee shop since two hours ago.
2.
B1. She’s thirsty.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
B2. She prefers.cola
B3. She has drunk five cans of cola since yesterday.
B4. She’s been feeling thirsty for two hours.
3&4
B1. They are waiting for the flight.
B2. They always travel by plane.
B3. Countries have visited many countries so far.
B4. They have been waiting for the flight since four hours ago.
5.
B1. She’s feeling angry.
She feels angry
B2. She gets angry quickly.
B3. She hasn’t arrived at her destination yet.
B4. She’s been arguing with the clerk for a half an hour.
11&12
B1. They are exhausted.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
B2. They travel together.
B3. They have had heavy backpacks.
B4. They have been resting since morning.
13.
B1. She’s reading a news
B2. She likes reading newspapers.
B3. She has bought a newspaper.
B4. She’s been reading a newspaper for an hour.
14.
B1. He’s feeling hot.
He is wearing a warm coat
B2……………………….
B3. He has put on a warm coat.
B4. He has been feeling hard for a couple of minutes.
15.
B1. She’s reading a sad book currently.
B2. She reads sad books.
B3. She has read 75 pages.
B4. She has been reading a sad book recently.
.
Life expectancy
Suffer from sanctions
Terribly
Awfully
1. The people are nervous these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people have a lot of life expectancy these days.
B2
3. Goods have gotten terribly expensive.
B3
4. The people have been suffering from sanctions since 46 years ago.
B4
C2 options
Government
Salary
Soon
1. I’m going to arrive soon.
I will arrive soon
I’ll be arriving soon
C1/near future
2. I’m going to meet my best friend tomorrow.
I’ll be meeting my best friend tomorrow
C1/near future
I’m meeting my best friend tomorrow
B1/personal arrangement
3. The government will increase the salaries next year.
The government will be increasing the salaries next year
C1/near future
The government increases the salaries next year
B2 public arrangement
بعد از کلاس چهکار می کنی؟
what are you doing after the class?
B1 personal arrangement
What will you be doing after the class?
C1 near future
What will you do after the class?
What are you going to do after the class?
C2
.
Nowruz will come next month
Nowruz is gonna come next month
Nowruz comes next month
فردا پنجشنبه است
tomorrow will be Thursday
tomorrow is going to be Thursday
tomorrow is Thursday
B2
.
B4
Just finished
1. The workers are working.
B1
They have been working since two hours ago
B4
2. She’s tired.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
And she is resting
B1
She has been working since morning
B4/Just finished
Struggle with
1. I’ve been waiting for you for an hour.
B4
2. We’ve been struggling with our teachers since morning.
B4
3. It has been raining from two hours ago until now.
B4
4. It has been raining since two hours ago.
B4
I’ve been married for 25 years
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
What book are you reading nowadays?
I’m reading poisonous parents currently
How many children do you have?
What is the most embarrassing thing you have ever done?
I have spoiled my food for my mother-in-law
How do you punish your children?
I haven’t punished my children for many years
What makes you so happy?
My children’s success makes me very happy
How often does your husband give you a gift?
How often does your husband surprise you with the gift?
.
Welfare
Comfort
Peace and quiet
1. The country where people have many economic problems is Uganda.
The country where people are facing a lot of economic problems is Uganda
2. The country which is located in the Middle East of Iran.
The country located in the Middle East is Iran
3. The country which gives its people, welfare, comfort, and peace and quiet is Switzerland.
The country giving its people, welfare, comfort, and peace and quiet is Switzerland
1. What did you want to do with the man whose hat was red
What did you want with the man whose hat was red?
What did you want with the man who was in a red hat?
2. Where were you going by the car whose color was red?
3. Don’t tell your friend the things that I have said to you.
Don’t tell your friend what I have told you
4. What I want for you is your welfare and comfort, my darling
Welfare and comfort are what I want for you pumpkin
🎃
Eggplant 🍆
Zucchini
1. If you read this book, your knowledge will increase.
Real
2. If I was/were in the US, I would study at a good university.
Unreal
3. If you see her, you will like her.
Real
4. If I had read that book last year, I would have succeeded in the interview yesterday.
Regret
5. If I had immigrated 10 years ago, I would have better conditions now.
Mixed
6. If you work well at this company, you will get promoted.
Real
7. If you establish a company, you can hire many young people.
Real
8. If you established a company, you could hire some young people.
Unreal
9. If you had established a company last year, some young people would work at it now.
Mixed
10. If he was/were here now, we would have a lot of fun.
Unreal
.
—————————————
1. if you work well in this country, you will be successful.
Real
If you work well, in this country, you are successful
If you work well, in this country, you become successful
Rule
2. At this company if you arrive late, you will be fined.
Real
If you come late in this company, you get punished
Rule
3. If it rains, the weather will be better.
Real
If it rains, the weather gets better
Rule
4. In childhood if I arrived home late, I got punished.
Rule in the past
drizzling rain
If I were resting at home now, I would be feeling better
Exposure
Expose yourselves to a lot of English content
1. I’m going to change my job soon.
C2/Sure
I’ll be changing my job soon
C1/ near future
2. I’m going to meet my best friend tomorrow
C2/ Decision
I’ll be meeting my best friend tomorrow
C1/near future
I am meeting my best friend tomorrow
B1/ personal arrangement
3. The government is going to increase salaries next year.
C2
The government increases salaries next year
B2/public arrangements
1. What will you be doing at 9 o’clock tonight?
C1
2. What will you be doing after the class?
C1/Near Future
What are you doing after the class?
B1/ personal arrangement
What are you going to do after the class?
C2
.
1. I’m very tired.
I have been working since morning.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
B4
2. She’s working.
B1
She has been working since morning
B4
3. She’s retired.
B2
She has been working for this company for 30 years
B4
4. He is retired.
B2
He has worked for that company for 30 years
B3
———————————————-
1. I have been visiting this city for two days.
B4
2. I have been working in this city (recently).
B4
3. It has been raining (for sometime).
It has been raining (for a while)
B4
———————————————-
1. What have you been doing since yesterday?
B4
2. What have you been doing?(recently.)
Illusion
Inception
Seasick
What’s the best movie you’ve ever seen, and why did you like it?
(Possible answer: "The best movie I’ve ever seen is Inception, which is about dreams and reality.")Who is someone you admire, and what makes them special?
(Possible answer: "I admire my grandmother, who always supported me no matter what.")What’s your favorite place to visit, and what do you like about it?
(Possible answer: "My favorite place is Paris, where you can see the Eiffel Tower.")What’s a skill you’d like to learn, and why is it important to you?
(Possible answer: "I’d like to learn how to play the guitar, which is a great way to express creativity.")What’s the most interesting book you’ve read, and what’s it about?
(Possible answer: "The most interesting book I’ve read is 1984, which describes a dystopian future.")What’s your favorite food, and how is it prepared?
(Possible answer: "My favorite food is sushi, which is made with raw fish and rice.")What’s a tradition in your country that you enjoy, and why is it meaningful?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy the Lunar New Year, when families gather to celebrate and share meals.")What’s a hobby you have, and how did you get started with it?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy painting, which I started doing when I was a child.")What’s a memorable trip you’ve taken, and what made it special?
(Possible answer: "I went to Japan last year, where I saw cherry blossoms for the first time.")What’s a challenge you’ve overcome, and how did you do it?
(Possible answer: "I overcame my fear of public speaking, which I did by practicing every day.")Caribbean Pirates
she does the household chores very carefully
she can do critical situation management really well
she does critical situation management very well
1. If you read that book, your knowledge will increase.
2. If I lived in that country now I would go to that university.
3. If you had not driven fast, you would not have had an accident.
1. If I see him tomorrow, I will talk to him.
Real
2. If I saw her tomorrow, I would talk to her.
Unreal
3. If I had seen her yesterday, I would’ve talked to her.
Regret
4. If I hadn’t sold my gold coins last year, I would have more money now.
Mixed
.
All tenses
1. Tomorrow when I am eating dinner with my friends in a restaurant, I’ll be having a lot of fun.
When B1, C1
2. Two years later when he graduates, he will find a good job.
When B2, C2
3. At this time next year will be having fun and dancing because good things will have happened.
C1, C3
4. I will be tired at this time tomorrow because I will have been working for 12 hours.
AppearanceC2 meaningC1
1. Jack and Julie were speaking with each other beside the lake.
A1
2. They had gone there by car.
A3
3. They had set up their tents and (they had) had dinner.
A3, A3
4. Some moments later, some strange creatures appeared in the lake.
A2
5. Now they have been looking at those creatures for about 10 minutes.
B4
6. Is the first time that they have seen such creatures?
B2, B3
7. Jack is taking photos and Julie is pointing at those strange creatures.
B1, B2
8. Whenever Jack sees something interesting or amazing he immediately takes out his camera and starts taking photos.
B2, B2, B2
9. Some moments later when Jack leaves the beach for the police station Julie will still be taking photos.
WhenB2, C1
10. One hour later, Jack will arrive at the beach of the lake with the police officers and the photographers.
C2
11. When Jack returns, the monsters will have disappeared.
When B2, C3
12. Maybe the police and the photographers won’t believe Jack and Julie‘s words.
C2
13. But Jack will show them the photos.
But Jack is going to show them the photos
Prediction
C2
B4
Fault
تقصیر
still
Steel
Steal
The value of this currency is decreasing very fast
1. What is happening?
2. What happens every day?
3. What has happened?
4. What has been happening?
1. It’s raining now.
B1
2. It has been raining for one hour.
It’s been raining for one hour
B4
3. I have read 10 pages since yesterday.
I’ve read 10 pages since yesterday
B3
4. I’ve been reading this book since yesterday.
B4
1. I haven’t seen her for many years.
B3
2. She has been searching for a good job for years.
She’s been looking for a good job for many years
B4
Good morning!
Studies show that long-term exposure to particulates may cause people to have heart diseases
Expose somebody to something
Affect
The people (who are) exposed to particulates for a long time may be affected by heart diseases
The people who have long-term exposure to particular may be affected by heart diseases
What’s the best movie you’ve ever seen, and why did you like it?
(Possible answer: "The best movie I’ve ever seen is Inception, which is about dreams and reality.")Who is someone you admire, and what makes them special?
(Possible answer: "I admire my grandmother, who always supported me no matter what.")What’s your favorite place to visit, and what do you like about it?
(Possible answer: "My favorite place is Paris, where you can see the Eiffel Tower.")What’s a skill you’d like to learn, and why is it important to you?
(Possible answer: "I’d like to learn how to play the guitar, which is a great way to express creativity.")What’s the most interesting book you’ve read, and what’s it about?
(Possible answer: "The most interesting book I’ve read is 1984, which describes a dystopian future.")What’s your favorite food, and how is it prepared?
(Possible answer: "My favorite food is sushi, which is made with raw fish and rice.")What’s a tradition in your country that you enjoy, and why is it meaningful?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy the Lunar New Year, when families gather to celebrate and share meals.")What’s a hobby you have, and how did you get started with it?
(Possible answer: "I enjoy painting, which I started doing when I was a child.")What’s a memorable trip you’ve taken, and what made it special?
(Possible answer: "I went to Japan last year, where I saw cherry blossoms for the first time.")What’s a challenge you’ve overcome, and how did you do it?
(Possible answer: "I overcame my fear of public speaking, which I did by practicing every day.")
Rows 3 & 4
1. I had read that book 3 times until yesterday.
A3
2. I had been working on that project for two months until yesterday.
A4
3. We have struggled with that problem many times so far.
B3
4. We have been dealing with that problem for 46 years until now.
B4
5. We will have arrived in that city until 6 PM tomorrow.
C3
6. We will have been driving toward that city for 10 hours by 6 o’clock tomorrow evening.
C4
1. I will do this next year.
I’m gonna do this next year
C2
2. I will be preparing for a voyage in June next year.
C1
3. I will have left this country until March next year.
C3
4. I will have been cooperating with his company for five months until March next year.
C4
1. Jack and Julie were speaking with each other by the lake.
A1
2. They had gone there by car.
A3
3. They had put up their tents and (they had) had dinner.
A3, A3
Set up
4. A few moments later, some strange creatures appeared in the lake.
A2
5. Now they have been looking at those creatures for 10 minutes.
B4
6. This is the first time that they have seen such creatures.
B2, B3
7. Jack is taking photos and Julie is pointing to those strange creatures.
B1, B1
8. Whenever Jack sees an interesting or amazing thing, he immediately takes out his camera and starts taking photos.
B2, B2, B2
9. Some moments later when Jack leaves the beach for the police station, Julie will still be taking photos.
When B2, C1
10. One hour later, Jack with the police and the photographers will arrive at the beach of the lake.
C2
11. When Jack returns, the monsters will have disappeared.
When B2, C3
12. Maybe the police and the photographers will not believe Jack and Julie’s words.
C2
13. But Jack will show them the photos.
But Jack is going to show them the photos
C2/prediction
.
B4
Calligraphy pen
Natural reed
1. He is working.
B1
2. She has been working for one hour.
she’s been working for one hour
B4
3. We are making a new machine.
B1
4. We have been making a new device from three years ago until now.
Since three years ago
For three years
B4
1. He has helped me a lot during the past 10 years.
B3
2. He has been helping me during the past 10 years.
B4
3. We have made many sentences from 4 o’clock until now.
B3
4. We have been making sentences from 4 o’clock until now.
B4
Navy blue
Do you do any sports?
How long do you study during the day?
How long have you been studying English?
.
Find found found
Found founded founded
بنا نهادن
Since childhood
He likes it very much
He likes hamburgers very much
He likes hamburgers a lot
Frustrated
Beverage = drink
She will be entering the restaurant.
Struggle with that problem
.
It’s not the matter of low temperature
Is the matter of energy balance
And it’s a matter of bankruptcy of the government
There is a power off
There is a blackout
Prosperity
Make money
Make money to splash
Have money to splash
Prosperity of economy
.
Omission
حذف
The risk that rises on polluted days can cause heart attacks
The risk rising on polluted days can cause heart attacks
The heart diseases that are caused by particle pollution may cause older people to die
The heart diseases that are caused by particle pollution may lead to older people’s death
The heart diseases that are caused by particle pollution may cause older people’s death
.
Cause something
Cause somebody to do something
The heart diseases caused by particle pollution, may cause older people to die
Lesson 97
VOA 2 report
1. The metals which/that include iron may cause heart attacks.
2. The metals (that/which) scientists found in the blood may cause heart attacks.
3. The metals which/that were found in the blood by scientists may cause heart attacks.
.
1. The day that/which marked the importance of refugees was celebrated by the UN
2. The day that/which was celebrated by the UN marked the importance of refugees.
3. The day (that/which) the UN celebrated marked the importance of refugees.
1. The day marking the importance of refugees was celebrated by the UN.
2. The day celebrated by the UN marked the importance of refugees.
.
1. The agreement (that) 139 countries signed was about the treatment of refugees.
2. The agreement signed by 139 countries was about the treatment of refugees.
The agreement which was signed by one of the 39 countries was about the treatment of refugees
3. The agreement that negotiated the treatment of refugees was signed by 139 countries.
The agreement negotiating the treatment of refugees was signed by 139 countries
.
I’m ashamed
I’m embarrassed
Shame on me
Shame on you
Shame on all the People that have destroyed our life
Alex is going to have eaten two portions of Chinese food by this time tomorrow
.
I have had an insurance record for 15 years until now
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
1. I had checked that website many times until yesterday.
A3
2. I had been checking that website for one month until yesterday.
A4
3. She has helped me a lot until now.
B3
4. He has been helping me for one month.
B4
5. Those animals will have disappeared by 2030.
Until 2030
Before 2030
C3
6. We will have been living in peace and quiet for several years until 2030.
C4
.
. Find found found.
Found founded founded
.
He is learning English now
He goes to university every day
He has passed once semester so far
She is smiling
She is kind
She has graduated
She is embarrassed now
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13.
B1. She’s looking daggers at the staff.
B2. She loves her hotel.
B3. she has entered the hotel.
14.
B1. He is getting money from a customer.
B2. He works at the cashier’s
B3. He has graduated from university
15.
B1. They’re falling down.
B2. They serve food.
B3. They have crashed into each other.
16.
B1: They are arguing with each other
B2. They prepare the meals.
B3. They have spoiled the food.
17.
B1. She’s typing.
B2. She types letters.
B3. She has typed two letters.
18.
B1. He is carrying a suitcase.
B2. He helps the passengers.
B3. He has lifted a heavy suitcase.
19.
B1. She’s feeling tired.
B2. She dusts and cleans.
B3. She has washed 11 bedsheets.
20.
B1. He’s looking at his watch.
B2. He flies airplanes.
B3. He has flown many times.
21.
B1. They are feeling anxious.
B2. They guide passengers.
B3. They have visited many countries.
22.
B1. She’s warning the taxi driver.
B2. They protect the city.
B3. They have arrested, mini criminals.
23.
B1. She is talking to the police officer
B2. She moves passengers.
B3. She has bought a taxi.
24.
B1. He is fixing the taxi.
B2. He works in a garage.
B3. He has fixed many vehicles.
.
The man who comes here every day is an engineer
The man coming here every day is an engineer
The man who is seen here every day is an engineer
The man seen here every day is an engineer
Did you see the woman who was singing?
Did you see the woman singing?
Did you see the woman who was arrested by the police?
Did you see the woman arrested by the police?
.
The animal which was haunted was wild
The animal hunted was wild
Stressed out
illuminate the streets
The value of dollar is rising, and also the price of gold is increasing
How do you really feel about tomorrow?
I don’t have any feeling about every day
I’m numb
Demonstration
Are you going to go to the demonstration tomorrow?
Fist
Which foreign country do you wish to visit?
My brothers are very naughty
if if women manage the world, they at most will have some problems and they will be in a huff
.
.
Turkey meat
I missed you all except for Mohammad
What food are you professional at?
Gravy
You were exempt from military service
.
Intelligence service
1. He has graduated.
B3
2. He graduated 10 years ago.
A2
3. We just entered this city yesterday.
A2
4. We have just entered this town.
B3
When you arrive tomorrow night, the party will have finished
When B2, C3
When you arrive tomorrow night, the party will have been over
When we start our trip tomorrow, they will have left the city
When B2, C3
She has arrived at the class
Negative: she hasn’t arrived at the class
Yes/No: has she arrived at the classroom?
Arrived at the classroom: what has she done?
Reason: why has she arrived at the classroom?
She: who has arrived at the classroom
2. They have bought a car.
A car: what have they bought?
They: who has bought a car?
3. We have changed our ideas.
B3
4. It has rained a lot.
It’s rained a lot
B3
.
Morning!
1. What has she taught?
What has been taught by her?
2. Why has she taught that lesson?
Why has that lesson been taught by her?
3. Who has taught that lesson?
Who has that lesson been taught by?
4. Where did you find it?
Where was it found by you?
5. Who did you call yesterday?
Who was called by you yesterday?
6. Who is going to call you tomorrow?
Who are you going to be called by tomorrow?
7. How many countries have signed the agreement?
How many countries has the agreement been signed by?
8. How does he tolerate that condition?
How is that condition tolerated by him
9. What convention was he signing?
What convention was being signed by him?
10. What can change the world?
What can the world be changed by?
11. Which factory is going to produce that car?
Which Factory is that car going to be produced by?
12. How many times have they revised the book?
How many times has the book been revised by them?
13. Who may solve our problems?
Who may our problems be solved by?
14. What problem has caused the chaos?
What problem has the chaos been caused by?
15. Who is reconstructing the walls that were destroyed last year?
Who are the walls that were destroyed last year being reconstructed by?
.
What is going to happen tomorrow?
This question is about a political topic and this class is not about political subjects
We know that this day is God’s day
A revolution happened in our country 46 years ago
What are you going to do tomorrow?
I’m gonna sleep late in the morning and after that I’m gonna play with my son in the park
I’m going to stay at home and some movies will be watched by me and my family
I’m going to sleep until 9 o’clock in the morning and after that I’m going to help my wife with cleaning up the house
I haven’t decided about tomorrow yet
Demonstrate
Demonstrator
Protest
March
Parade
If the devil goes out, the angel comes in
Who is the devil and who is the angel?
Claim
Claim to be good
Many of us
While
Is true
What gives you the best feeling when you wanna change your mood?
Province
استان
outdoor people and indoor people
for a changing my mood I go mountain climbing
I go shopping for a changing mahmood
shopping for groceries
Shopping for clothes
Window shopping
I have a sweet tooth
so I ate sweet things and pastry to change my mood
water touches your feet and you’ll have a lot of fun
Rendezvous
.
.
1. He has eaten nothing since yesterday.
He hasn’t eaten anything since yesterday
B3
2. She didn’t eat anything yesterday.
A2
3. We just arrived in the city yesterday.
We just entered this city yesterday
A2
4. We have just arrived in this city.
We have just entered this city
B3
5. When did you arrive in this city?
A2
6. How did you come to the city?
How have you come to this city?
A2, B3
7. When did they get married?
A2
8. How much did you pay for this car?
A2
How much have you paid for this car?
,
1. I had seen him once until 2010.
A3
2. I have seen him many times until now.
B3
3. Certainly I will have established a company with him until 2030.
C3
.
B3
1. They have driven that car three times until now.
B3
Negative: they haven’t driven that car three times until now
Yes/No: have they driven that car three times until now
Reason: why have they driven that car three times until now?
Three: how many times have they driven that car until now?
Driven that car: what have they done three times until now?
They: who has driven that car three times until now
2. It has rained today.
B4
Place: where has it rained today?
3. She has visited/met me many times until now.
She: who has visited me many times until now
4. We have analyzed three sentences until now.
Three: how many sentences have you analyzed until now?
Analyzed three sentences: what have you done until now?
We: who has analyzed three sentences until now
.
American restaurant
Stomachache or bellyache
hear heard heard
Strange
Argument
Eagerly
He will eat so much that he won’t be able to get up
Suddenly, his wife will call him
No one gave up
Frustrated
خسته
he had a 30 minute walk to get to the restaurant
elegant
Anna will accept his offer. it will be the first time Anna will have come to this restaurant.
he crossed the street
A waiter has come to him and given him the menu
he is thinking about how good it will be if the waiter brings his food earlier
.
.
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What colors does she always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
Is that your book?
B2
7. That shirt doesn’t fit him.
That dress doesn’t fit her
That shirt isn’t his size
That dress is not her size
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
10. He never needs us.
He doesn’t ever need us
B2
————————————-
1. My coworker’s son has the flu today.
My colleague’s son has the flu today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting customs.
B2
3. He seems/looks energetic today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
He’s looking energetic today
B1
4. He always seems/looks energetic.
B2
5. Do you own that book?
Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they having/eating breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have/eat breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/visiting/ meeting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are a lot of stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather in many regions is called today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather of the south pole is cold.
The weather of Antarctica is cold
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of the zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are useful for body.
Iranian traditional foods are useful for body
The traditional foods of Iran are useful for body
Iran’s traditional foods are useful for body
B2
Quality/size/age/shape/color/origin/past participle
18. Do the students of this university do research at all?
Do the students of this university ever do research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
.
.
Relative Clauses
Who is an ideal friend?
.
An ideal friend is a person who helps you
An ideal friend is a person (who) we can have peace and quiet with
What kind of country is an ideal country?
An ideal country has a very transparent government
An ideal country has a very honest government
An ideal country is a country which has a very honest government
An ideal country is a country (which) I feel safe and comfortable in
An ideal country is a country in which I feel safe and comfortable
An ideal country is a country that has equal rights
An ideal country is a country that gives people equal rights
An ideal country is a country which people have equal rights in
An ideal country is a country in which people have equal rights
An ideal country is a place where everybody can be successful according to their efforts
An ideal country is a country which has a beautiful nature and clean environment
An ideal country is a country where air pollution has more importance for the government
An ideal country is a country where air pollution is more important for the government
VOA 2
غیر فعال ۲
Lessons 92 and 93
Long-term diseases
Short term diseases
Chronic diseases
Scientists believe that the problem is caused by particulates
It is believed that the problem is caused by particulates
The problem is believed to be caused by particulates
They say that those cars are produced by Toyota factory
It is said that those cars are produced by Toyota factory
Those cars are said to be produced by Toyota factory
They reported that he had done the project perfectly
It was reported that he had done the project perfectly
He was reported to have done the project perfectly
Why are social and economic conditions hard in our country?
Competent
Incompetent
Government
Governors
Politicians
Because our government And governors are incompetent
Because people are elected based on beliefs, not based on competence
Because the distribution of resources is unfair
Because resources are distributed unfairly
Because our government links everything to eon and doesn’t want to benefit from others’ experiences
Because the economy in our country is not managed perfectly
Because in our country economic inflation is severe
What do the young generation need?
The generation need consciousness
.
American Restaurant
Love at first sight
Sitcom
Vomit
Bring up🤮
He will be appreciating the chef’s effort for making such a food
.
Bonus
Tip
Annual bonus
Yearly bonus
He has been to this restaurant twice during the last year
Widow
Widower
Die
Dead
Death
I have been living in this city for 10 years
B4
I came to the city 10 years ago
A2
I have been here for 10 years
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
I arrived one hour ago.
A2
I’ve been waiting for one hour
B4
I’ve been here for one hour
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
He got married 10 years ago
A2
He has been married for 10 years
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
I ate dinner one hour ago
I had dinner one hour ago
A2
I have been full for one hour
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
.
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What colors does she always prefer?
B2
6. Do you own that book?
Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
7. That dress is not her size.
That dress doesn’t fit her
B2
8. I don’t understand her these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. She needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
10. She never needs us.
She doesn’t ever need us
B2
————————-
1. My coworker’s son has the flu today.
My colleague’s son has the flu today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting traditions.
B2
3. She seems/looks energetic today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
She’s looking energetic today
B1
4. She always seems/looks energetic.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
B2
6. Are they eating/ having breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/ meeting/visiting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are many stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather in many regions is cold today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather in Antarctica is cold.
The weather of the south pole is cold
It is cold in the south pole
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of dad zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are useful for body.
The traditional foods of Iran are useful for body
Iranian traditional foods are useful for a body
Iran’s traditional foods are useful for body
B2
18. Do the students of this university do research at all?
Do the students of this university ever do research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
If you use a noun after need, you don’t need any prepositions like to after it
I need some food
نیاز
But if you use a verb after need, you have to use to between them
I need to practice more
باید
whose favorite food is pasta؟
do you have siblings?
yes, I have a brother
where do you study?
do you like your major?
why do you like your major?
how often do you buy a new book?
I buy a new book every few weeks
do you ever help your mom?
I sometimes help my mom
how do you help your mom?
.
Anna and Mike were having dinner in the room one hour ago when some insects entered the room
A1, A2
The insects have been flying in the room for an hour now
B4
They have killed an insect and they are talking about it
B3, B1
They hate insects
They do hate insects
B2
So Mike will buy some insecticide tomorrow and (he will) kill all of the insects
C2, C2
Mike will have killed all of the insects by this time tomorrow and they will be eating dinner in peace and quiet
C3, C1
B3
I want to see the John
Cook since morning
Cook two foods since morning
Cook now
Cook two foods every day
.
I’m cooking now
B1
I cook two foods every day
B2
I have cooked two foods since morning
B3
I have been cooking since morning
B4
Write books
write many books
Write this book since last year
write an interesting book these days
I’m writing an interesting book these days
B1
I write books
B2
I have written many books
B3
I have been riding this book since last year
B4
,
VOA report
The risk of heart attacks which may be linked with particle pollution rises on polluted days
The risk of heart attacks rises on polluted days
The risk of heart attacks may be linked with particle pollution
Air pollution (which) cars and industry cause may affect the risk of heart attacks
Air pollution may affect the risk of heart attacks
Cars and industry cause air pollution
. breathing the particles that are harmful is dangerous.
Breathing the particles that are dangerous is harmful
The pollution that makes people sick is particle pollution
The pollution (that) factories release in the air is particle pollution
.
.
.
C….when …..B
I will arrive home at this time tomorrow
C2
At this time tomorrow, my brother will be watching a movie
C1
When I arrive home tomorrow, my brother will be watching a movie
When B2, C2
I will arrive home when my brother is watching a movie tomorrow
C2 when B1
I will be walking in New York streets at this time next year
C1
She will be starting a new job at this time next year
C1
When I’m walking in New York streets next year, she will be starting a new job
When B1, C1
When she is starting a new job next year, I will be walking in New York streets
When B1, C1
.
Birds of a feather flock together
.
Non-continuous verb
1. I have a headache now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. She’s having/eating dinner now.
B1
3. Hey guys.! I have a car now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. My father has an old car.
B2
5. She has allergy.
B2
6. I have to leave this place now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
7. He has to leave home at 2 o’clock every day
B2
.
Generous
دست و دلباز
Non-continuous verb
1. I have a headache now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. She’s having/eating dinner now.
B1
3. Hey guys.! I have a car now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. My father has an old car.
B2
5. She has allergy.
B2
6. I have to leave this place now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
1. Today is cold.
It is cold today
The weather is cold today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. They are generous.
B2
3. There are some students in the classroom.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. There are some tables in the classroom.
B2
Sa
Top of the morning to you!
How often do you throw a party?
Relatives
اقوام
Backgammon
Gamble
Underestimate means think low of a person
Overestimate
Are there any games that you’ve recently learned?
Monopoly
انحصار
monopolize
it had a powerful antenna
you lived near the cemetery of that city
roundabout
Facilities
Amenities
امکانات
Institute
People have limited thoughts and small cities
Competition is harder and bigger cities
There are fewer facilities in my city
Who is an ideal friend?
An ideal friend is a person
That person helps you when you need help
An ideal friend is a person who helps you when you need help help
An ideal friend is a person
You talk to that person when you need help
An ideal friend is a person who you talk to when you need help
What is an ideal book?
An ideal book is a book
It gives you useful information
An ideal book is a book that gives you useful information
An ideal book is a book
you get useful information from it
An ideal book is a book which you get useful information from
VOA 2
An ideal country
غیر فعال ۲
C….when …..B
I will get home at 5 o’clock tomorrow
He will be watching a movie at 5 o’clock tomorrow
Tomorrow when I arrive home, my brother will be watching a movie
.
Tomorrow when my brother is watching a movie, I will arrive home
At this time next year, I will be walking in New York streets
C1
At this time next year, he will be starting a new job
C1
Next year when I’m walking in New York streets, he will be starting a new job
WhenB1, C1
I will be walking in New York streets when he is starting a new job next year
.
,
1. He likes to do new things these days.
He likes doing new things these days
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. He usually likes to do new things.
B2
3. They always seem energetic.
B2
4. They seem full of energy now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
5. They are trying to seem full of energy now.
B1
1. They are having a birthday cake now.
They are eating a birthday cake now
B1
2. They have/ eat dinner at 9 o’clock every night.
B2
3. He has a headache now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He has LBP.
B2
5. She has to work in this room every day.
B2
6. I have to go now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
Generous
1. He is sad now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. She’s generous.
B2
3. They are in a span today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. My parents are in Isfahsn.
B2
5. My house is in Esfahan.
B2
6. Isfahan is beautiful.
B2
7. Esfahan’s air is polluted today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
Hollywood movies are interesting
.
Relative clause
The man who/that is talking is a teacher
The machine which/that is making noise is old
.
The woman is working
The woman is an engineer
The woman who is working is an engineer
The woman who is an engineer is working
.
The machine is modern
It produces quality products
We bought it last year
The machine which produces quality products is modern
The machine (which) we bought last year is modern
The lady has great ideas
She works at our company
You know her well
The lady who works at a company has great ideas
The lady (who) you know well has great ideas
I have never met the people
They are the employees of your company
You have hired them recently
I have never met the people who are the employees of your company
I have never met the people (who) you have hired recently
.
.
Tom and the dinosaurs
.
1. He was fixing a part two hours ago.
A1
2. He was at the workshop two hours ago.
Appearance A2MeaningA1
3. He is establishing a new company currently.
B1
4. He is busy currently.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
5. We will be reaching new opportunities at this time next year.
C2
6. All of us will be happier at this time next year.
AppearanceC2 meaningC1
Persuade someone to immigrate
1. It has been raining since three days ago.
B4
2. It has been cold since three days ago.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
3. I have been trying to persuade her to immigrate for 10 years.
B4
4. I have known him for 10 years.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
1. Tom was walking in the yard when he suddenly heard a noise from the storeroom.
A1, A2
2. He went to the storeroom, opened the door and saw a dinosaur there.
A2, A2, A2
3. The dinosaur was sitting in the storeroom and (it Was) eating a strange plant.
A1, A1
4. Tom took some of that plant.
A2
5. Now the dinosaur has been in the storeroom for two hours, and Tom has been checking the plant for about one hour.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
B4
6. The dinosaur has a stomachache because it has eaten a lot of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
B3
7. Whenever Tom sees something new, he tries it.
B2, B2
8. Now Tom wants to try some of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Some minutes later, Tom will eat some of that plant and (he will) travel to a strange jungle.
C2, C2
10. When he reaches the jungle, a huge dinosaur will be waiting for him.
When B2, C1
11. The dinosaur will be very hungry.
AppearanceC2 meaningC1
12. The dinosaur will follow Tom and (it will) try to eat him.
C2, C2
.
B1 B2
1. He is writing a book.
B1
2. She writes a book every four years.
B2
1. They are employing some new employees these days.
B1
2. They need some new employees these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
1. He is checking a problem now.
B1
2. He wants help now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
1. I understand you now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. I’m trying to help you now.
B1
3. She always understands me.
B2
4. You seem sad now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
1. He goes to work by bus every morning.
He takes the bus to work every morning
He catches the bus to work every morning
B2
2. He sees his friends in the park on the weekend.
B2
3. That system has a user guide for easy installation.
That device comes with a user manual for easy installation
B2
4. They think sport is important for a healthy lifestyle.
They believe exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle
B2
5. We look forward to seeing you at the party every Friday.
We wait to see you at the party eagerly every Friday
B2
6. They want to improve their skills with regular practice.
B2
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give her food as a reward.
After my dog behaves correctly, I give it a treat as a reward
B2, B2
8. He uses his computer for both work and entertainment.
B2
9. He finds it hard to wake up early in the morning.
He thinks it is hard to wake up early in the morning
He thinks waking up early in the morning is hard
B2
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
11. When we need help we ask for it.
.
1. They have been evaluating the loss for an hour.
The loss has been being evaluated by them for an hour
B4
2. She made a movie last year.
A movie was made by her last year
A2
3. Was he doing Something important at 9 o’clock last night
Was something important being done by him at 9 o’clock last night?
A1
4. The boss of the company is going to employee a few new people.
A few new people are going to be employed by the boss of the company
C2
5. He will have taught the whole book by the end of this year.
The whole book will have been taught by him by the end of this year
C3
6. They had been studying the new lesson for a while by the time we met them.
The new lesson had been being studied by them for a while by the time they were met
7. He knows all the members.
All the members are known by him
B2
8. Does she need some information?
Is some information needed by her?
B2
9. Did they discover a new element in 1901
Was a new element, discovered by them in 1901?
A2
10. Is she going to be writing a letter at 10:15 tomorrow?
Is a letter going to be being written by her at 10:15 tomorrow?
C1
————————————————-
What are you needed for at this company?
I’m needed for the research and development of new implant products
I am needed for planning and scheduling projects at this company
I am needed for producing devices
This company needs me for producing devices
I’m needed for purchasing things at this company
I’m needed for after sales services
This company needs me for research and development in cardiovascular field
What do people want the government to do?
What is the government wanted to do?
People want the government to keep the value of national currency
Keeping the value of national currency is wanted by people
The government is wanted to keep the value of national currency
People want the government to stabilize the conditions of the country
People want the government to give them civil rights
The government is wanted to give people civil rights
security and peace are wanted from the government by the people
Public welfare
رفاه عمومی
The government is wanted to do nothing in Iran
people want the government to give them public welfare
The government is wanted to give people public welfare
What do your family members expect you to do for them?
My family expect me to travel with them to Shiraz
My family members expect me to earn more money
I’m expected to earn more money by my family members
He needs more attention and he expects me to play games with him
more attention is needed by him and I’m expected to play games with him
guess which hand
my family members expect me to change our house into a bigger one
1. He was taking a nap an hour ago.
A1
2. He was in the room one hour ago.
AppearanceA2meaningA1
3. He is establishing accompany these days.
B1
4. These days he needs new devices.
Appearance D2 meaning B1
5. At this time next year, we will be preparing for a big change.
C1
6. We will look/seem happier at this time next year.
AppearanceC2 meaningC1
At this time next year, we will be looking happier
C1
1. We have been living in this city since 10 years ago.
B4
2. We have been in this city since 10 years ago.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
3. I have been waiting for you for three hours.
B4
4. I have known you for five years.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
1. Tom was walking in the yard when he suddenly heard a noise from the storeroom.
A1, A2
2. He went to the storeroom, opened the door and saw a dinosaur there.
A2, A2, A2
3. The dinosaur was sitting in the storeroom and (it was) eating a strange plant.
A1, A1
4. Tom picked up some of that plant.
A2
5. Now the dinosaur has been in the storeroom for two hours, and Tom has been checking the plant for one hour.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
B4
6. The dinosaur has a stomachache because it has eaten a lot of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
B3
7. Every time Tom sees a new thing, he tries it.
Whenever Tom sees a new thing, he tests it
B2, B2
8. Now Tom wants to try some of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. A few minutes later, Tom will eat some of that plant and (he will) travel to strange forest.
C2, C2
10. When he reaches the forest, a huge dinosaur will be waiting for him.
When he arrives in the jungle, a huge dinosaur will be waiting for him
When B2, C1
11. The dinosaur will be very hungry.
AppearanceC2 meaningC1
The dinosaur will be starving
12. The dinosaur will follow Tom and (it will) try to eat him.
C2, C2
Chase
He is reading a page of the book
B1
He needs help now
Appearance B2 meaning B1
They are establishing a company these days
Are they establishing a company these days?
Company: what are they establishing these days?
They: who is establishing a company these days
B1
They want some new employees these days
Do they want some new employees these days?
some new employees: who do they want these days?
Reason: why do they want some new employees these days?
They: who wants some new employees these days?
Emphasize: they do want some new employees these days
I understand you now
Appearance B2 meaning B1
I’m trying to help you now
B1
She always understands me
B2
I prefer to stay in a class now
Appearance B2 meaning B1
I prefer to go to the park with my friends every day
B2
You seem/look beautiful today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
.
1. He takes the bus to work every morning.
She goes to work by bus every morning
He goes to the office by bus every morning
He catches the bus to work every morning
B2
2. He meets his friends in the park every weekend.
B2
3. That machine comes with a user manual for easy installation.
That machine has a user manual for easy installation
B2
4. They think that exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle.
B2, B2
5. We wait to visit you at the party eagerly every Friday.
We look forward to visiting you at the party every Friday
B2
6. They want to improve their skills with regular practice.
B2
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give it food as a reward
After my dog behaves correctly, I give it a treat as a reward
B2, B2
8. She uses her computer for both work and entertainment.
B2
9. He thinks waking up early in the morning is hard.
She thinks it’s difficult to wake up early in the morning
She finds it difficult to wake up early in the morning
B2
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
B2, B2
11. When we need help we ask for it.
B2, B2
.
Incorporate something into something
1. Maybe I will go to the mountain this Friday.
Maybe I will go mountain climbing this Friday
C2/will/not sure
2. What good weather!
I will go to the park tonight
C2/ will/ new decision
3. I’m going to learn some new skills next year.
Old decisions
4. Until the end of this year, strange events will happen and that country.
Until the end of this year, strange events are going to happen in this country
C2/ prediction
.
1. They usually have interesting ideas.
Negative: they usually don’t have interesting ideas
Yes/No: do they usually have interesting ideas?
Usually: how often do they have interesting ideas?
Emphasize: they usually do have interesting ideas
Interesting ideas: what do they usually have?
They: who usually has interesting ideas?
2. He has a new problem every day.
Yes/No: does he have a new problem every day?
Every day: how often does he have a new problem?
Negative: he doesn’t have a new problem every day
Emphasis: he does have a new problem every day
He: who has a new problem every day
3. My friend does her duties well.
Well: how does my friend do her duties?
My friend: who does her duties well?
4. Those people always do their duties carefully.
omit always: how often do those people do their duties carefully?
Those people: Who always does their duties carefully?
.
Swimming coach
Lifeguard
Fashion designer
Where do you work?
I do sewing at that company
Sewing machine
چرخ خیاطی
Tailor
How much do you love me?
What is your addiction?
What is your education?
I am addicted to music
Which singer do you like?
Which genre do you like to listen to?
.
Top of the morning to you!
1. Where will those people buy the car?
where will the car be bought by those people?
2. Who are you going to inform tomorrow?
Who is going to be informed by you tomorrow?
3. Who is going to inform you tomorrow?
Who are you going to be informed by tomorrow?
Whose friend caused the problem last year?
Whose friend was the problem caused by last year?
How many times does she watch that movie every week?
How many times is that movie watched by her every week
Whose friend have they called so far?
Whose friend has been called by them so far?
VOA 2 just listen and look up new words
تبدیل به غیر فعال ۱ و ۲
.
Discussion
They say (that) human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food
They say
It is sad
They said
It was sad
They have said
It has been said
Mention/report/find/Discover/know/claim /believe
The scientists discovered
It was discovered
They claimed
It was claimed
They claim
It is claimed
He believes
It is believed
Human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food
may/might/could. Have PP
1. It may have rained a lot in this area last night
2. You may not have come to the class last session.
You might not have come to the class last session
3. A person has fixed this machine.
Sara could’ve done that
Who might have eaten that food?
It might have been eaten by my cat
my 🐈⬛ may have eaten the food
1. Who are you loved by a lot in your life
Who loves you a lot in your life?
My mother loves me a lot
I am loved by my mother a lot
2. Who are you hated by
Who hates you?
I love all people and all people love me
No one hates me
I’m not loved by anyone
I’m loved by no one
Have you ever been poisoned by food?
No, I haven’t been poisoned by food so far
Have you ever been disrespected by your classmates?
That one girl disrespects me every day
I’m disrespected by her every day
.
What phobia do you have?
How many people work at your company?
Are you satisfied with your work?
Prejudice
.
Will
Going to
1. Maybe we will go mountain climbing this Friday.
C2/not sure
2. What good weather!
I’ll go to the park tonight
C2/sure/new decision
3. I’m going to have big changes in my job next year.
C2/Sure/old decision
4. Silver is gonna get expensive.
The price of silver is going to increase
C2/sure/ knowledge
.
1. What important things are you going to do in the future?
2. is it going to rain tomorrow?
3. I need help.
Will you help me?
4. What will probably happen in this country?
.
.
B1, B2
surely
Definitely
Certainly
.
1. They want some workers every day.
Negative: they don’t want some workers every day
Yes/No: do they want some workers every day?
Emphasis: they do want some workers every day
Some workers: who do they want every day?
Some: how many workers do they want every day?
They: who wants some workers every day?
2. He always has a problem with me.
Always: how often does he have a problem with me?
He: who always has a problem with me
Reason: why does he always have a problem with me?
3. They always have a problem with me.
They: who always has a problem with me
Reason: why do they always have a problem with me?
4. They do their homework well.
Well: how do they do their homework.
Do their homework: what do they do well?
They: who does their homework well
.
e
1. Who has been seen in that area many times?
B3
2. How was that problem solved last year
A2
3. By whom has this book been written?
Who has this book been written by?
1. What has she taught?
What has been taught by her?
2. Why has she taught that lesson?
Why has that lesson been taught by her?
B3
3. Who has taught that lesson?
By home has that lesson been taught?
Who has that lesson been taught by?
B3
4. Where did you find it?
Where was it found by you
A2
5. Who did you call yesterday?
Who was called by you yesterday?
6. Who is going to call you tomorrow?
By whom are you going to be called tomorrow?
Who are you going to be called by tomorrow?
7. How many countries have signed the agreement?
How many countries has the agreement been signed by?
8. How does he tolerate that condition?
How is that condition tolerated by him
B2
9. What convention was he signing?
What convention was being signed by him?
A1
10. What can change the world?
What can the world be changed by?
11. Which factory is going to produce that car?
Which factory is that car going to be produced by?
C2
12. How many times have they revised the book?
How many times has the book been revised by them?
B3
13. Who may solve our problems?
Who may our problems be solved by?
14. What problem has caused the chaos?
What problem has the chaos been caused by?
15. Who is reconstructing the walls that were destroyed last year?
By whom are the walls that were destroyed last year being reconstructed?
Who are the walls that were destroyed last year being reconstructed by?
.
Dan
He is going to propose marriage to Jessica
Refuse an invitation
I’m going to give one of them to my friend as a gift
So I will be choosing a good book tonight
1. She buys some new books every year.
Some new books: what does she buy every year?
Omit some: how many new books does she buy every year?
Every year: how often does she buy some new books?
Buy some new books: what does she do every year?
She: who buys some new books every year?
2. They take over a new project every other year
Reason: why do they take over a new project every other year?
Take over a new project: what do they do every other year?
They: who takes over a new project every other year
3. We talk to him every day.
him: who do we talk to every day?
We: who talks to him every day
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
They make delicious cookies from A to Z
3. They go for a walk in the park every night.
They go to the park for a walk every night
They go to the park for walking every night
They take a walk in the park every night
4. We know a lot about history.
We know about history a lot
5. The kids take their dog for a walk twice a day.
6. I see my friends during the week.
7. You come home late every night.
8. We think a lot about our future.
We think about our future a lot
9. We eagerly wait for our vacations every year.
We wait for our vacations eagerly every year
Enthusiastically
Look forward to
مشتاقانه منتظر بودن
we look forward to our vacations every year
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
11. They kiss their children before sleeping every night.
They kiss their children before sleep every night
They kiss their children good night every night
They kiss their children before bed every night
1. What are you doing ?
2. What do you do?
3. What’s your favorite food?
What food do you like?
B2
3. What food do you hate?
4. Why are you studying English?
5. Do you speak Arabic or other foreign languages?
6. Who speaks Arabic?
7. How do you go to work?
8. What do you do in your free time?
I don’t have free time
I have a daughter
She’s 3 1/2 years old
Three and half years old
.
Morning!
Hypothesis
Hypotheses
Theory
Germany
Switzerland
Significant
The plural form of hypothesis is hypotheses
The plural form of thesis is theses
The plural form of ox is oxen
Sufficient
1. Who are you usually praised by?
Who are you usually admired by?
2. What are you usually praised for?
3. What do you do when you are praised by your boss?
Thank God
4. Are you ever praised by your boss if yes, for what?
5. How do you feel when someone else is praised by your boss?
6. What’s your reaction when you are insulted by someone?
Insult or disrespect
7. What is your reaction when you are given a bad food by your wife?
I tried to tolerate that food
Cuisine
I praise her
The problem with this company is the lack of culture of praising
Because some people think that if they praise other people, they will be underestimated by others
Great people praise others
Overestimate
Compensate
Make up for
It’s causes people to grow in abilities or in skills
It also causes the person who praises others to grow in a lot of aspects
8. What is your reaction when a project is postponed by me
It appears in a person’s monthly efficiency rate
9. How is our society changing these days?
People don’t read enough books about history, culture, and other topics
We must go out and walk in the range and change our visions or views about life
We haven’t been living in an in good conditions during the past 40 years and I don’t know how our society can be changed, but we need a big change
These days the most important thing for people is money
Social networks are changing our lifestyles
Our lifestyles are being changed by social networks.
Wrong decisions are affecting our society these days
Our society is being affected by wrong decisions These days
10. What do we need to change in order to have an ideal society?
We need to change our educational system
Our educational system needs to be changed
We need to change our thoughts
Our thoughts need to be changed
We must communicate with other countries
We need the talk of nations
The talk of nations is needed
We need to upgrade our culture
Our culture needs to be upgraded
Enhance
We need to grow in IT knowledge
IT knowledge needs to be developed
We should improve our confidence
Our confidence should be improved
تبدیل به غیر فعال ۱
Mr Taki
Mr Aboutalebian
VOA
Wh passive
.
I’m taking exams these days
But I go to the university every day
I’m making a new device these days
I have worked on a website
I have been working on this website for two years
I have designed a lot of modules for this website
I’ve drawn many plans so far
I’ve been doing this job for many years
I have had five surgeries so far
I have been a mother for a teen years
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
I have washed the dishes three times today
I’ve been learning English for four months
I’ve been learning English
I have practiced soccer twice a week so far
I have learned swimming during the past year
I learned swimming last year
A2
I have been learning English for two years
I have gone on a diet several times
I have been a vegetarian for five years
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
I have played volleyball three times a week so far
I have been playing volleyball for about 29 years
I have won 5 champion cups until now
I have created four applications and four of them. I have been working for two months.
I have been to English classes three times so far
I have been going to an English class for four months until now
I have made Café cakes every day since three years ago
I have been making café cakes since three years ago
I have passed 15 units
I have been going to university for two months
I have read many books so far
I have been reading a book since the beginning of the week
I have exercised one time
I have been exercising for two hours
I have been sitting in the English class for one hour
I have learned some English sentences
I have become very tired
I have decided to go home
But the teacher has been continuously teaching since the beginning of the
He hasn’t decided to finish it
He wants to kill me with his lesson
I I have decided to go to the movies after the class
1. He employs some new employees every year.
Negative: he doesn’t employ some new employees every year
Yes/No: does the employee some new employees every year?
Every year: how often does the employee some new employees?
Emphasize: he does employ some new employees every year
He: who employs some new employees every year
2. They start a big project every other year.
They: who starts a big project every other year
Every other year: how often do they start a big project?
A big project: what do they start every other year?
3. We call him every day.
him: who do we call every day?
We: who calls him every day
The things that people repeat
The things that nature repeats
Facts
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
At 6 o’clock: when do you wake up every morning?
Every morning: how often do you wake up at 6 o’clock?
Wake up: what do you do at 6 o’clock every morning?
I: who wakes up at 6 o’clock every morning
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
Delicious cookies: what do they make from scratch?
Make delicious cookies: what do they do from scratch?
They: who makes delicious cookies from scratch
3. They go to the park for walking every night.
They go to the park for a walk every night
They take a walk in the park every night
To the park: where do they go for walking every night?
They: who goes to the park for walking every night?
4. We know a lot about history.
A lot: how much do we know about history?
We: who knows a lot about history
5. The children take their dog for a walk twice a day.
The children: who takes their dog for a walk twice a day
6. I see my friends during the week.
During the week: how often do I see my friends?
How often do you see your friends?
I: who sees my friends during the week
7. You come home late every night.
Reason: why do you come home late every night?
You: who comes home late every night
8. We think a lot about our future.
We: who thinks a lot about our future
9. We wait for our holidays eagerly every year.
We look forward to our holidays every year
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
11. They kiss their children before sleeping every
They kiss their children before sleep every night
They kiss their children before bed every night
.
Passive
1. They have been evaluating the loss for one hour.
The loss has been being evaluated by them for an hour
B4
2. She made a movie last year.
A movie was made by her last year
A2
3. Was he doing something important at 9 o’clock last night?
Was something important being done by him at 9 o’clock last night?
4. The boss of the company is going to employee a few new people.
A few new people are going to be employed by the boss of the company
C2
5. He will have taught the whole book by the end of this year
The whole book will have been taught by him by the end of this year
C3
6. They had been studying the new lesson for a while by the time we met them.
The new lesson had been being studied by them for a while by the time they were met
A4, A2
7. He knows all the members.
All the members are known by him
B2
8. Does she need some information?
Is some information needed by her
B2
9. Did they discover a new element in 1901
Was a new element discovered by them in 1901
A2
10. Is she going to be writing a letter at 10:15 tomorrow?
Is a letter going to be being written by her at 10:15 tomorrow?
C1
.
1. How are they writing the essay?
How is the essay being written by them?
2. What does she buy every day?
What is bought by her every day?
3. Who will fix the car tomorrow?
Who will the car be fixed by tomorrow?
1. Where did he put the box?
A2
Where was the box put by him?
2. How many people did they invite to the party last year?
How many people were invited by them to the party last year?
Which books have they revised so far?
Which books have been revised by them so far
Which, what?, How many people?, What problems?,
3. How many people did that work?
How many people was that work done by?
Who is singing that song?
Who is that song being sung by?
Which countries are producing that product these days?
Which countries is that product being produced by these days?
.
1. Dan was looking for a new job at this time last year when Jessica employed him.
A1, A2
2. Now Dan has been working for Jessica for one year.
B4
3. He is Jessica‘s driver and he has driven her car many times so far.
B2, B3
4. Now he is talking with Erica about one of Jessica‘s classic cars.
B1
5. Dan loves classic cars so next year he is going to buy a classic car
B2, C2
6. He will be driving his own car at this time next year.
C1
.
B2
do
Every other week
1. They call me every week.
Negative: they don’t call me every week
Yes/No: do they call me every week?
Every week: how often do they call me?
Call me: what do they do every week?
Emphasis: they do call me every week
2. We write a new book every year.
A new book: what do we write every year?
Every year: how often do we write a book?
Reason: why do we write a new book every year?
Place: where do we write a new book every year?
Emphasize: we do write a new book every year
3. Her friends meet her every other week.
Every other week: how often do her friends meet her?
her: who do her friends meet every other week?
Her: whose friends meet her every other week
surely
Definitely
Certainly
1. He tries a new job every year.
Negative: she doesn’t try a new job every year
2. My friend reads 10 pages every night.
Emphasize: my friend does read 10 pages every night
3. That book gives us useful information.
Useful information: what does that book give us?
.
Happy morning!
what caused many kinds of large animals in North America and Australia to disappear has long been debated by scientists
ancient humans are blamed for the disappearance by two new studies
The fact that human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food is said by them
they say
It is sad
They know
It is known
he found
It was found
She discovered
It was discovered
they have reported
it has been reported
it is said that the animals may have been killed for food by human hunters on both continents
we are doing a paraphrasing here in order to change the sentences into something else, but say the same thing
Transitive verbs have objects
Intransitive verbs don’t have objects
Conduct
.
What are the possible purposes for you when you read something?
She reads something to improve her knowledge in order to be a more knowledgeable guy and increase the quality of her life
So your purpose is to increase your knowledge to meet all the needs in your life
What topics are you more interested in?
Overcome
غلبه کردن بر
Cope with
Deal with
First of all, I should know what knowledge I’m looking for, and after that, I choose a special book in order to increase my knowledge in a specified field
It means that you never read something voluntarily and based on your likes
You just read things when you have to
You are not patient enough to read something so you watch videos to learn new topics
What books have you read so far?
Can you name some of them?
.
Expertise
تخصص
I didn’t completely read the book
I read only three or four pages of that
do you ever read books because you are interested in them or do you read books because the school wants you to read them?
three-dimensional
what are some extra books that you have read so far?
some books that you can name now
Interpretation
Literature
ادبیات
1. He learned a lot of skills in childhood.
A2
2. She tries to learn a new skill every year.
B2
3. Your ideas will change in three years.
C2
4. I will have to go to school tomorrow.
C2
Every other day
1. They buy a new book every week.
They don’t buy a new book every week
Yes/No: do they buy a new book every week?
A new book: what do they buy every week?
Reason: why do they buy a new book every week?
Every week: how often do they buy a new book?
Emphasis: they do buy a new book every week
2. We travel to that city every year.
That city: where do we travel every year?
Every year: how often do we travel to that city?
Travel to that city: what do we do every year?
3. David’s friends help him every other day.
David’s: whose friends help him/her every other day
Reason: why do David’s friends help him every other day?
1. He likes Persian foods.
Persian foods: what does he like?
Reason: why does he like Persian foods?
He: who likes Persian foods?
Emphasize: he does like Persian foods
2. My friend visits me every other week.
B2
Every other week: how often does my friend visit me?
My friend: who visits me every other week?
3. My friends change their jobs every other year.
B2
Every other year: how often do my friends change their jobs?
4. They provide useful information for us every week.
Useful information: what do they provide for us every week?
.
B4
13.
She has been managing the hotel for 20 years
14.
He has been working as a cashier for 10 years
15.
They have been serving food since morning
16.
They have been cooking in this hotel for many years
17.
She has been typing a letter since 30 minutes ago
She has been typing a letter since half an hour ago
18.
He has been helping the passengers of this hotel from many years ago until now
19.
She has been working at this hotel since yesterday
20.
He has been flying airplanes since the age of 30
21.
They have been guiding the passengers since 2000
22.
They have been cooperating with the police since five years ago
23. She has been moving passengers since 10 years ago.
24.
He has been fixing a car since an hour ago
.
.
Story making
insects
Enter the room
Insecticide
Kill
all of the insects
at this time tomorrow
1. Anna and Mike were having dinner when some insects entered the room.
A1, A2
2. These insects have been flying in the room for one hour.
B4
3. They have killed an insect and they are talking about it.
B3, B1
4. They hate insects, so Mike will buy some insecticide tomorrow and (he will) kill all of them.
B2, C2, C2
5. At this time tomorrow they will be eating dinner without any problems.
C1
.
.
Word arrangement
Employ
.
1. He is doing a project quickly at his company now.
2. They are providing important information these days.
3. That Factory is employing new employees these days.
Criticize
Impose on
Severely
1. They are reading their books and we are reading ours.
2. She is fixing her Factory and its machines.
3. My city and its weather are changing fast/quickly
4. They are criticizing our company severely these days and imposing their ideas on our company and its employees.
.
.
The people of that country have always celebrated this occasion
This occasion has always been celebrated by the people of that country
The experts of the factory fixed the old machines last year
The old machines were fixed by the experts of the factory last year
The man who you met helped them a lot
They were helped a lot by the man who you met
I found what had caused that problem in that region
What had caused that problem in that region was found?(by me)
They were analyzing what could solve the problem
What could solve the problem was being analyzed by them
Did you see the people who were in a big trouble?
were the people who were in a big trouble seen (by you)?
.
does the book that was written last year provide useful information?
Is useful information provided by the book that was written last year?
Are they going to employ the man who is a professional engineer?
Is the man who is a professional engineer going to be employed by them?
Is it a book.
Are they establishing a modern factory this year?
Is a modern factory being established by them this year?
They might have changed different parts of the machine (which was) bought last year
Different parts of the machine bought last year might’ve been changed by them
Is he teaching the students of that class carefully?
Are the students of that class being taught by him carefully?
.
1. He was cleaning the room at 9 o’clock last night.
The room was being cleaned by him at 9 o’clock last night
A1
2. He had cleaned three windows until 9 o’clock last night.
Three windows had been cleaned by him until 9 o’clock last night
A3
3. She had been cleaning the room for two hours until 9 o’clock last night.
The room had been being cleaned by her for two hours until 9 o’clock last night
A4
4. She cleaned up the room last night.
The room was cleaned up by her last night
A2
1. Who are you usually admired by?
I am admired by my brother
I’m usually admired by my mother
My cousin usually admires me
I’m usually admired by my family and my friends
2. Who do you usually admire?
I usually admire my friends and family members
Persevering people
People with perseverance
3. Do you hate anyone in your life?
4. Am I included?
5. What food is cooked by your mom very often
My mom makes kebab very often
Soup is cooked by my mom very often
Chicken stew is cooked by my mom very often
6. What food is hated by your children?
All stews except for warm Miss Abi are hated by my children
7. What foods are loved by your family members?
My family members love lasagna
Lasagna is loved by my family members
8. How many people have been injured by your training so far?
Few people have been injured including myself
.
1. Will you start your trip tomorrow?
Will your trip be started tomorrow?
are you going to start your trip tomorrow?
Is your trip going to be started tomorrow?
2. Does he do that job professionally?
Is that job done by her professionally?
3. Have they met that person until now?
Has that person been met by them until now?
B3
Insecticide
1. Anna and Mike were eating dinner one hour ago when some insects entered the room.
A1, A2
2. Now these insects have been flying in the room for one hour./since one hour ago
B4
3. They have killed one insect and they are talking about it.
B3,B1
4. They hate insects so tomorrow Mike will buy some insecticide and kill all of them.
B2, C2, C2
5. Tomorrow at this time, they will be eating dinner in peace and quiet
. C1
.
Her father is preparing a machine at the workshop now
He is reading a book carefully these days
1. He is telling those people something.
He is saying something to those people
B1
2. They are having fun at the party.
They are enjoying themselves at the party
B1
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
B1
4. He is preparing for his trip.
He is getting ready for his trip
B1
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
B1
6. She’s resting.
B1
7. They are coming to visit us.
B1
8. He is thinking about his future plants.
B1
9. He’s looking for his lost
She’s looking for her lost
B1
10. She’s speaking at a conference.
She is giving a speech at a conference
B1
1. My friends are preparing my books for me.
B1
2. I’m reading my book and she’s reading hers.
I’m reading my book and he is reading his
B1
3. He is thinking about his homeland and its weather.
B1
4. They are repairing that factory and its equipment.
B1
.
What caused many kinds of large animals in North America and Australia to disappear has long been debated by scientists
Ancient humans are blamed for the disappearance by two new studies
he said that the animals may have been killed for food by human hunters on both continents
The animals are said to have been killed by human hunters on both continents
The findings were reported by science magazine
It is reported that North America was home too many large mammals
North America is reported to have been home too many large mammals
Many big animals were included
John Alroy is a scientist leading one of the studies
John Alroy is a scientist who led one of the studies
One of the studies that was led by John Elroy has been mentioned in this essay
One of the studies led by John Alroy has been mentioned in this essay
.
B1
1. He is watching a movie.
2. They are playing soccer.
3. We are starting a new project.
1. They are learning a new language these days./nowadays
2. All the employees of this company are working well now.
Pronoun videos
Flashcards
1. He was being phoned by her.
2. He was phoned by them.
3. He had been phoned by them.
4. He had been being phoned by them.
5. We are being phoned by them.
6. I’m phoned by them every day.
She has phoned by them every day
We are phoned by them every day
7. She has been phoned by him.
8. She has been being phoned by them for two hours.
9. She will be being phoned by them at this time tomorrow.
10. She will be phoned by them.
She’s going to be phoned by them
11. He will have been phoned by them by 9 o’clock tomorrow.
12. He will have been being phoned by them for two hours by 9 o’clock tomorrow
He is going to have been being phoned by them for two hours by 9 o’clock tomorrow
.
1. They are baking a cake.
A cake is being baked by them
B1
2. She has learned three sentences so far.
Three sentences have been learned by her so far
B3
3. She has been teaching this book for three years.
This book has been being taught by her for three years
B4
4. He helps the poor.
The poor are helped by him
B2
Auxiliary
.
.
Row 1
Try to immigrate to another country
At this time 10 years ago, we were getting ready for an important exam
We were preparing for an important exam at this time 10 years ago
A1
She’s trying to immigrate to another country this year
B1
I will be walking in New York avenues at this time next year
C1
Alley
Go on a pilgrimage
We went on a pilgrimage altogether in the spring last year
Negative: we didn’t go on a pilgrimage altogether last year
Yes:No: did we go on a pilgrimage altogether in the spring last year?
We: who went on a pilgrimage altogether in the spring last year
They like traditional/ethnic foods
They: who likes traditional foods
——————-
1. Penny was thinking about a party at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to a birthday party.
AppearA2 meaningA1
3. This morning, some of her friends came to her house.
A2
4. They brought some gifts for her.
They brought her some gifts
A2
5. Some moments later, a magician entertained them.
A2
6. He did strange things.
A2
7. When he was doing magic that children were watching and feeling surprised.
A1, A1, A1
8. Now the children are sitting at the table and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They like birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mom is bringing the cake.
B2
11. She has made the cake by herself.
B3
12. The children have been enjoying themselves for several hours
The children have been having fun together for several hours now
B4
(that children have been together for several hours now)
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
,
B1 and wh questions
1. This book.
2. That book.
3. These books.
4. Those books.
This
That
it
These
those
They
How far is your house from here?
What distance is your house from here?
Cupboard
He is calling me
Omit me: who is he calling?
Omit He: who is calling me?
They are calling her.
her: who are they calling?
They: who is calling her?
.
Top of the morning to you all!
Active Passive
1. He was maintaining the machines at this time last year.
A1
The machines were being maintained by him at this time last year
2. He had reconstructed that building twice until 10 years ago
A3
That building had been reconstructed by him twice until 10 years ago
3. By 2020 we had been doing that project for five years.
A4
That project had been being done by us for five years until 2020
4. He visited her at a nightclub many years ago.
A2
She was visited by him at a nightclub many years ago
Brown noser
Apple polisher
Flatter someone
Butter someone up
.
.
.
1. Present Simple:
• Do you think governments spend enough money on education? Why or why not?
2. Past Simple:
• Did social media make society better or worse in the past decade?
3. Future Simple:
• Will artificial intelligence replace most jobs in the next 20 years? Do you think this is a good or bad thing?
4. Present Perfect:
• Have we done enough to address climate change, or are we too late to fix it?
5. Present Perfect Continuous:
• Have big companies been exploiting workers in developing countries for too long, or is it just part of business?
6. Future Continuous:
• In 10 years, will people still be driving their own cars, or will self-driving cars take over completely?
7. Present Continuous:
• Are we currently witnessing a decline in traditional family values? Why or why not?
8. Past Continuous:
• Were parents too strict with children in past generations compared to now, or were they doing the right thing?
9. Past Perfect:
• If people had acted sooner to protect the environment, would the planet be in a better state today?
10. Future Perfect:
• By the year 2050, will humanity have solved the issue of world hunger, or will it still be a major problem?
Pilgrimage
Go on a pilgrimage
At this time tomorrow night
At such a time tomorrow night
1. We were going on a pilgrimage altogether in the spring last year.
A1
2. These days his ideas are leading him to a new direction.
B1
3. I will be enjoying myself with my friends at this time tomorrow night
I will be having fun with my friends at a party at this time tomorrow night
C1
Graduate
Region
Area
Zone
Appear
1. It appears in this area every day.
B2
It doesn’t appear in this area every day
Yes/No: does it appear in this area every day?
every day: how often does it appear in this area?
It: what appears in this area every day?
Emphasize: it does appear in this area every day
2. She graduated two years ago.
Yes/No: did he graduate two years ago
Negative: she didn’t graduate two years ago
Reason: why did he graduate two years ago?
She: who graduated two years ago
Emphasize: he did graduate two years ago
3. They like Italian foods.
They: who likes Italian foods?
Italian foods: what do they like?
4. He has interesting ideas.
Emphasize: he does have interesting ideas
Reason: why does he have interesting ideas?
Negative: he doesn’t have interesting ideas
Interesting ideas: what does he have?
.
1. Penny was thinking about a party at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to a birthday party.
AppearanceA2 meaningA1
3. this morning, some of her friends came to her house.
A2
4. They brought some gifts for her.
They brought her some gifts
A2
5. Some moments later, a magician entertained them.
A2
6. He did strange things.
A2
7. When he was doing magic, the children were looking and feeling surprised.
A1, A2
8. Now the children are sitting at the table and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They love birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mother is bringing the cake.
B1
11. She has made this cake by herself.
B3
12. The children have been having fun with each other for several hours.
B4
(the children have been together for several hours)
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
This car
That car
These cars
Those cars
Her colleagues are revising her book carefully.
B1
Omit carefully:
How are her colleagues revising her book?
Her book: what are her colleagues, revising carefully?
her: whose book are her colleagues, revising carefully
Revising her book: what are her colleagues doing carefully?
Her colleagues: who is revising her book carefully
Her: who is colleagues are revising her book carefully
Reason: why are her colleagues revising her book carefully?
Place: where are her colleagues revising her book carefully
They are calling him
him: who are they calling?
They: who is calling him?
Those machines are producing a quality product
a quality product:
What are those machines producing?
Those machines:
What is producing quality product?
1. He is telling those people something.
B1
He is saying something to those people
2. They are having fun at the party.
B1
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
B1
4. He is preparing for his trip.
He is getting ready for his trip
B1
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
B1
6. He is resting.
B1
7. They are coming to visit us.
B1
8. He is thinking about his future plans.
B1
9. He is looking for his lost keys.
B1
he is searching for his missing keys
B1
10. He is giving a speech at a conference.
He is speaking at a conference
B1
.
Other students
Another student
Iran and Germany
Iranian and German
You need to study hard
Fluent
You should be able to speak two languages fluently
We have safety in our own country
We study and read books
Here you should work and practice more
How has immigration affected your own life compared to the life you had in your country?
Because I didn’t know the situation here
I didn’t know the conditions here
I was not acquainted with the conditions here
I should be working hard
I should work hard
You’re always alone
You can’t communicate with people easily
You are far away from your family and you have to suffer from homesickness
Immigration for me has two sides
I could learn self-confidence and I could stand on my own feet and be independent
I could use my opportunities very successfully
I had safety in my life
I had a safe life
When I was in Iran, I didn’t have job security
My conditions were not stable and I didn’t have job security
We had economic crisis and recession
During corona time
During corona period
My firm was closed during corona time
My firm closed down after corner time
In Germany, we have more security, including job, security and Social Security
Here I can pursue my goals and have plans for my life
Here if I work hard, I can earn a lot of things
.
Passion
spontaneously
Impromptu
Could you talk about a memory that you always remember and tell me about how you feel when you remember the events that happened
I remember one event in my life
When I immigrated
Immigration was the biggest event in my life
It was very painful to me
I suffered a lot from that
that night was a very unforgettable night for me
That night was very memorable night for me
Because the end of that night was a little sad for me
Because I had to leave my friends and family and decrease my communications with all of them
I have another memory about my university degree
When I was riding my motorcycle, I had an accident with a car and I got injured
This was a very bad happening for me
This is my memory
This is one of my memories
I remember a lot of things that happened to me in the past. Some of them were happy and some of them were sad. one day that I can never forget was the day I had my first child. That was very special because that was the first time I had become a dad.
Now I’ve been a dad for about 15 years and I have two children. It’s a very special feeling because when a person becomes a father, he hast to be more caring and kind.
I think this feeling will stay with me forever because I think I’ll have to be caring and supportive until the end of my life especially until my children needs my support and help.
“Describe a place you enjoy visiting. Explain why you enjoy going there and what makes it special. Use specific details and examples to support your answer.”
You’ll have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.
.
, ideal destination
I can refresh my energy
I can enjoy natural places and conditions
Watch the rest of videos of the course one
Irregular verbs
Re-answer the questions that we had this session
I’ll be sending you some more questions to answer
Five questions to answer and send me the audio files
.
.
A1 & A2
Criticize
Apply for a foreign university
Gather some information
Collect some information
1. He is criticizing his conditions these days.
B1
2. He was applying for a foreign university in January last year.
A1
3. He is drawing an image now.
B1
4. He was collecting some information at 3:45 yesterday
A1
.
1. She always avoids that problem.
Negative: she doesn’t always avoid that problem
Does she always avoid that problem?
Reason: why does she always avoid that problem?
Emphasis: she always does avoid that problem
that problem: what does she always avoid?
She: who always avoids that problem
2. They usually care about us.
Negative: they usually don’t care about us
Emphasize: they usually do care about us
us: who do they usually care about?
They: who usually cares about us?
3. He depended on his friends last year.
A2
his friends: who did he depend on last year?
He: who depended on his friends last year
Reason: why did he depend on his friends last year?
4. She felt very happy yesterday.
Very happy: how did she feel yesterday?
She: who felt very happy yesterday
.
Embryology
What was your favorite book that you read last year?
What grade of school is she in?
They ought to do it well
They ought not to do it well
1. She’s applying for a foreign university.
2. They are criticizing me.
3. It’s raining.
4. My best school friend is looking for a new job.
B2
My best friend from school time is looking for a new job
5. They are checking a serious problem.
.
.باید از ضعیف ترین تا قوی ترین حالت
Should
Ought to
Had better=‘d better
Need to
Have to have got to
Must
.
1. Are the bees attacking us
yes, they are
2. Are you starting a new job?
No, I’m not/No, we aren’t
3. Is your best friend leading the group?
Yes, he is
4. Is your idea leading to an excellent result?
No, it isn’t
.
What are you thinking about?
I’m thinking about your question
How are you feeling?
I’m feeling good
Are you reading any books these days?
Yes, I am
What book are you reading?
I’m reading a novel
What is your father doing now?
He’s probably taking a nap
He is probably snoozing
Who is our next volunteer to come here?
What is your major?
Is it snowing now?
No, it’s not
Yazd governmental university
What skills are you learning these days?
What musical instrument are you learning to play these days?
What sports are you playing these days?
Because I’m a beginner in Arabic language, it is a little harder for me
I appreciate your courage
I admire or praise your courage
Courage or bravery
What major did you graduate in?
Which university did you graduate from?
.
Non-continuous
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B 1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B 1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What colors does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
7. That dress is not her size.
That dress doesn’t fit her
B2
8. These days, I don’t understand her.
Appearance B2 meaning B 1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B 1
10. He never needs us.
He doesn’t ever need us
B2
————————————-
B3
Active➡️passive
1. They are eating a delicious food.
A delicious food is being eaten by them
2. They call me every day.
I am called by them every day
3. He has lost his phone two times so far.
His phone has been lost by him two times so far
4. They have been building a subway station on this street for one year.
A subway station has been being built by them on this street for one year
1. Where were you born?
2. What things were bought for you when you were a child?
3. Who was that toy car bought for you by?
My father bought that car for me
That car was bought by my father
4. What were you taught by your dad when you were a child?
he taught me hard working
I was taught hard working by my dad
5. Who employed you at this company?
He employed me at this company
I was employed at this company by him
6. What do you do when you are disrespected by someone?
I swear at him or her
7. What do you like to be taught?
.
I like to be taught patience
I like to be taught the skills that help me to have individual development
He was being taught a new lesson
They were invited to a party last week
She had been called twice by 4 o’clock yesterday
They had been being taught for two hours by 4 o’clock yesterday
It is being done now
She is invited to a party every week
This book has been read many times so far
A building has been being constructed in this alley for one year
It will be being done at 10 o’clock tomorrow night
He will be called tomorrow
This car will have been fixed by 8 o’clock tomorrow
This book will have been being read for five days by Friday
.
They’re writing a book
B1
A book is being written by them
He calls Jack every day
B2
Jack is called by him every day
She has read this book 3 times so far
B3
This book has been read by her three times so far
They have been constructing this building on this street for one year
B4
This building has been being constructed by them on this street for one year
1. They are eating a delicious food.
A delicious food is been eaten by them
2. she eats a delicious food every day.
A delicious food is eaten by him every day
3. She has eaten this food one time so far.
This food has been eaten by her one time so far
4. He has been eating this food for one hour.
This food has been being eaten by him for one hour
A1
A2
1. I am teaching now.
2. I teach every day.
1. I’m solving that problem these days.
B1
2. I was getting ready for a job interview at this time last year.
A1
1. She visits me every day.
B2
She doesn’t visit me every day
Does she visit me every day?
Every day: how often does she visit me?
me: who does she visit every day?
She: who visits me every day
2. She visited me yesterday.
She met me yesterday
A2
Did she visit me yesterday?
Did she meet me yesterday?
Emphasize:
She did visit me yesterday
She did meet me yesterday
Yesterday: when did she visit me?
me: who did she visit yesterday?
She: who visited me yesterday?
Who met me yesterday?
3. She called me every day last year.
Reason: why did she call me every day last year?
She: who called me every day last year
.
Criticize
Fall
Provide
Government
1. They are providing some food.
B1
They’re not providing some food
2. He is asking some questions.
B1
He is not asking some questions
He isn’t asking some questions
He’s not asking some questions
3. We are criticizing them.
B1
We aren’t criticizing them
4. His government is falling.
B1
His government isn’t falling
They ought to do it
They ought not to do it
Collect information
Gather information
A big problem
A serious problem
Face a big problem
1. Are they facing a problem?
2. Are you collecting important information?
Are you gathering important information?
3. Is he holding a party?
Is he having a party?
4. Is your best friend leading your group?
1. What are you doing now?
I am listening to the teacher
2. What is your brother doing?
He is working now
3. Is your mother cooking now?
No, my mother is driving now
4. What book are you reading these days?
I’m reading a book about human resources
5. Is your son playing right now?
Yes, my son is playing now
Yes, he is
6. Is your husband sleeping?
No, he isn’t
7. What are you learning these days?
I’m learning English
8. What are you planning for your future?
I’m planning to have more growth
They write a book every year
Every year
How often do they write a book?
A book
What do they write every year?
a
How many books do they write every year?
Write a book
What do they do every year?
They
Who writes a book every year?
Reason
Why do they write a book every year?
Place
Where do they write a book every year?
1. My colleague’s son has the flu today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting custom
B2
3. he seems/looks energetic today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
He is looking energetic today
B1
4. She always seems/looks energetic.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they eating/having breakfast now?
B1
7. Do they have breakfast at 7 AM every day?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/meeting now?
B1
10. There are number of birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are many stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather of many regions is cold today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather of South Pole is cold.
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
B2
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are beneficial for the body.
B2
18. Do the students of this university ever do research?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
.
Course 3
1. He is trying to improve his skills these days.
B1
(his skills)
What is she trying to improve these days?
(He) who is trying to improve his skills these days
2. He revises a new book every year.
B2
(every year) how often does he revise a new book?
(He) who revises a new book every year
3. She has tried to solve that problem many times so far.
(that problem) what has she tried to solve many times so far?
(She) who has tried to solve that problem many times so far?
4. He has been doing this business for two years until now.
B4
(for two years) how long has she been doing this business ?
(He) who has been doing this business for two years until now
(doing this business) what has he been doing for two years?
5. I’m so tired.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
I’ve been struggling with those children since morning
B4
1. I am visiting you soon.
I will visit you soon
I’m gonna visit you soon
i’ll be visiting you soon
۲. I think our future is going to be better.
I think our future will be better
3. Our company is going to start a new project next month
Our company will start a new project next month
Our company starts a new project next month
4. Strange things will have happened in our country by the end of this year.
5. I will have been working at this company for one year by the end of this year.
1. When I immigrated that country next year, you will be waiting for me.
When I immigrate to that country next year, you will miss me
.
Evolution
1. When that happened we were getting ready for a big evolution.
2. When that happened they left the building.
3. When it happened, she had arrived home.
4. When it happened, I had been waiting there for an hour.
5. When it happened, I had been there for an hour.
.
.
Evolution
Revolution
Solution
.
Struggle with my child
Try to learn a new skill
1. These days he’s thinking about a big evolution.
B1
2. He tries to learn a new skill every year.
B2
3. I have invited him to my office many times until now.
B3
4. I’ve been doing business with her since two years ago.
B4
5. I’m very tired.
Appearance B2Meaning B1
I’ve been struggling with my kid since morning
B4
1. He is currently analyzing a serious problem.
B1
2. He is very anxious now.
Appearance B2Meaning B1
3. He has been trying to solve this problem since last year.
B4
4. I have known her since last year.
Appearance B3 meaningB4
Topple a regime
Be satisfied with
Region
Area
Regret
1. Syrian people have toppled Bashar’s regime .
B3
2. Iranian people aren’t satisfied with their conditions.
B2
3. These days strange things are happening in our region.
B1
4. The people of that country have been regretting for 46 years.
B4
.
Well, during the term I’ll teach you a lot of things that will be written on this whiteboard
The things that I write on this whiteboard will be kept until the end of the term so you’ll be able to access them for a long time and you won’t have to be in a hurry while running them down in the class
Establish
Some information
Get/gain/receive/obtain
Establish accompany
1. He is working in his office.
B1
2. They are getting some information.
B1
3. My best friend is writing a book.
B1
4. They are establishing a new company.
B1
Collocations are some words that are used together for example tell a joke or tell a story
Hi
I want to tell you some things this session, but I don’t wanna write them down anywhere except for this whiteboard and you’re gonna be reading this whiteboard again after the class and go through the details of our session
I live here for five years
3.5
I’ve been living here for five years
6
I’ve been residing in this city during the past five years
7
Isfahan has a very beautiful city
3.5
Isfahan is a very beautiful city
5
Located in the center of Iran, Isfahan is known for its breathtaking beauty
7
Ground-breaking beauty
Please, in short, tell me about the city where you live
.
are there any wave breakers on the beaches of that city?
.
We should be aware that nobody does anything for us and we’d better take actions and do something for ourselves
Redecorate
Cooperate
Evolution
Revolution
Once a year
One time every year
1. They are thinking about a huge change these days.
B1
2. She redecorates her office once a year.
B2
She changes the decoration of her office once a year
Insist on something
پافشاری کردن به چیزی
3. he has lost his cell phone many times until now.
B3
4. He has been cooperating with this company for two years until today.
B4
5. I’m so tired.
Appearance B2 meaning B 1
I’ve been working since morning
B4
Accuse
Make that mistake
Regret
. Weird.
Odd
Strange
1. She has accused me five times so far.
B3
2. She’s been regretting that for 46 years.
B4
3. We make that mistake every four years.
B2
4. We are observing strange happenings these days
B1
1. Have you obtained any useful information?
B3
2. What fruit are they peeling?
B1
3. He xeroxes a large number of pages every day.
B2
4. Who do you tolerate every day?
B2
Who do you put up with every day?
B2
5. Who tolerates you every day
B2
In the last sentence we don’t need the auxiliary does because something from the beginning of our sentence has been omitted, and it has been replaced with the word who
.
6. How long has she been insisting on that idea?
B4
Course1
What’s your name?
My name is sadra
Well, this whiteboard is used to convey some information while I’m teaching you during a session and this will help us save a lot of time in the class
Bring
Establish
1. He is thinking about a big problem.
2. They’re getting some information.
They’re receiving some information
They are receiving a little information
3. My best friend is bringing a book for me.
My best friend is bringing me a book
B1
4. We are establishing a new company these days.
These days, we are establishing a new company
.
if you use a noun or a verb in gerund form after try, then the word try means test
I try reading new books every month
I try new books every month
If you use try with the preposition to after it, then it means make an effort
I try to learn a new language whenever I have leisure
time
.
.
Non-continuous
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important issues.
B2
5. What colors does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
7. The dress is not her size.
The dress does not fit her
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
10. He never needs us.
He doesn’t ever need us
B2
Practice
1. He is telling those people something.
He is saying something to those people
2. They are having fun at the party.
They are enjoying themselves at the party
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
4. He’s getting ready for his trip.
His preparing for his trip
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
6. He’s resting.
7. They are coming to visit us.
They are coming for visiting us
8. He’s thinking about his future plans.
9. He’s looking for his lost keys.
10. He is speaking in a conference.
B1
All of the sentences above were B1 sentences with the structures of am is are and ING
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
2. They bake delicious cookies from scratch.
3. They go to the park for a walk every night.
4. We know about history a lot.
We know a lot about history
5. That the kids take their dog for a walk twice a day.
6. I see my friends during the week.
7. You come home late every night.
8. We think about our future a lot.
9. We wait for our holidays eagerly every year.
We look forward to our holidays every year
10. They want to travel to Europe every year.
11. They kiss their children before sleeping every night.
They kiss their kids before bed every night
1. He goes to work by bus every morning.
He takes the bus to work every morning
2. He sees his friends in the park during the week.
3. That device has a user guide for easy installation.
That device comes with a user manual for easy installation
4. They think sport is important for a healthy lifestyle.
6. We wait to see you at the party eagerly every Friday.
We look forward to seeing you at the party every Friday
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give it food as a reward.
After my dog behaves correctly, I give it a treat as a reward
8. He uses his computer for both work and entertainment.
9. He finds it difficult to wake up early in the morning.
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
11. When I need help I request help
B2
I wanna talk about some of the tenses in English, and this is gonna help you know what to say when it comes to making some special structures
The air is getting polluted these days
Cars and factories are polluting the air
Factories are producing low quality cars
Diseases are spreading among people
What time do your colleagues leave this place?
My colleagues leave this place at about 6 o’clock
What do your colleagues do at this company?
We should consult each other and solve the problems together
How many people work for this company?
I think 1200 people work for this company
Tourist
Tourism
Tour
Advertise
Kind people
Famine
Chaos
Anarchy
Pain killer
Could you tell me about your likes and dislikes?
Prayer
عابد
Prayer
(Prer)
عبادت
Enmity
People can live
People can be alive
People are entitled to be alive
People are entitled to live
people have the rights to be alive
I say my prayers every day
Passive or lazy
For
War
Warm
Warn
Worm
Word
World
Shirt
What is something that annoys you?
Something that annoys me is when a father can’t provide his family with facilities
Something that annoys me is when I see people who clean windshield of cars at crossroads
What is something that pleases you?
Something that pleases me is when people smile
Something that pleases me is when people like each other
It sucks
See you later, alligator
Later gator
.
Top of the morning to you!
Damascus has fallen.
Damascus fell
From now on
از حالا به بعد
I should’ve done that project last month
Go to
Want to
Arrange to
1. Where have you decided to go tomorrow?
2. What do you intend to buy ?
3. What important thing are you planning to do in the future?
Many people have decided to have left this country by the end of this year because they are arranging to be having better conditions in near future
Many people will have left this country by the end of this year because they will be having better conditions in near future
Don’t disturb me
Don’t disturb me I’ve decided to be resting now not (to be) working
Cousin
I want to stay home and not (to) come to my aunt’s house
I want to stay home
I don’t want to stay home
I want to not stay home
I want not to stay home
I want to be watching a cartoon now and not (to be) playing with my spoiled cousin
Pollution
Pollute
Provident
1. My best friend is writing an English book these days.
an English book: what is your best friend writing these days?
Writing an English book: what is your best friend doing these days?
The reason: why is my best friend writing an English book these days?
2. My father‘s friend visits us every week.
Every week: how often does my father‘s friend visit us?
My father’s friend: who visits us every week
3. It rains a lot in this region every year.
In this region: where does it rain a lot every year?
4. They usually emphasize their ideas.
They usually insist on their ideas
Their ideas: what do they usually emphasize?
They: who usually emphasizes their ideas
Constitution
Constitutional law
Because of lack of budget is not possible to spend a lot of money on education
Allocate
It’s not their priority to spend money on education
Purity
What are their priorities?
Vital
Crucial
حیاتی
Slogan
شعار
they don’t show any commitment to doing something
Literacy
Literate
Illiterate
Rumors
شایعات
Dissemination
گستراندن
Personalities
Humanitarian activities
Many people, especially famous people in the US try to do humanitarian activities or charity works because by doing that their amount of tax will be reduced
Actor
Actress
I’m known for my tough character
Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
Academy award winning actor
Environmental activist
Screen play
فیلمنامه
Philanthropist
Is there anybody in this world that inspires you with good ideas?
.
12:00
Cooperate with them
He is cooperating with them
them: who is he cooperating with?
He: who is cooperating with them
We are making it
it: what are we making?
We: who is making it?
When we omit a word from the beginning of our sentence and we replace that with a WH word, we don’t need movements at the beginning of our sentence and if that word that replaces the beginning of our sentence is who or what it must be considered Third person
my father is consulting with his friend
his: whose friend is my father consulting
My: Whose father is consulting with his friend
his friend: who is my father consulting with?
My father: who is consulting with his friend?
Reason: why am I fixing my car?
Why is he fixing his car?
Why are we fixing our cars?
Good morning!
He will have returned to the prison by the end of this year
He will have been arrested by the police by the end of this year
1. Tim is going to visit his friend in a restaurant tomorrow.
C2
Tim is visiting his friend in a restaurant tomorrow
B1
Personal Arrangement
2. Fred is going to wash the dishes in his mother-in-law‘s diner tomorrow.
C2
Fred is washing the dishes in her mother-in-law‘s diner tomorrow
B1
Personal arrangement
Fred will be robbing a bank and coming back to prison soon
C1
Near future
Talk about a memory with three sentences.
They are in prison now because they have robbed a bank
They are in prison now because they robbed a bank five years ago
.
Tim and Fred have been friends for many years now
Appearance B3 meaning B4
Tim and Fred have known each other for many years
Appearance B3 meaning B4
Tim and Fred have known each other since they entered the prison
Tim and Fred have known each other since they were jailed/arrested
Fred’s wife will be waiting for him when he leaves the prison tomorrow
C1when B2
When Tim leaves the prison tomorrow, his friend will have reserved/booked a table in a luxurious restaurant
WhenB2, C3
.
.
Passive
They have done that many times so far
That has been done by them many times
B3
They have done what we have asked them to do many times so far
What we have asked them to do has been done by them many times so far
B3
What we have asked them to do has affected their ideas
Their ideas have been affected by what we have asked them to do
The ideas that changed the world are changing our conditions
Our conditions are being changed by the ideas that changed the world
The people who were visited last night changed his ideas
His ideas were changed by the people who were visited last night
I have never seen the animals which lived there for a long time
. The animals that lived there for a long time, have never been seen by me.
.
.
The society doesn’t accept it
Get used to
عادت کردن به
They’re loneliness was very sad
Bury
خاک کردن
our society is very suppressing
Ronnie Coleman was a legend
he can’t keep up with Ronnie Coleman
pursuit of happiness
stockbroker
دلال سهام
pursue happiness
peaky Blinders
Emily
It’s a sitcom
The animation named robot
Soul is a good animation to
Documentary
مستند
Pride and prejudice
Snowpiercer
The Shawshank redemption
Argue
جز و بحث
.
1. It’s raining now.
B1
2. It rains in this city every winter.
B2
3. It has rained twice since Friday.
B3
4. It’s been raining since Friday.
B4
1. They want some new employees these days
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. He wants a few employees every day.
B2
3. She has wanted to change her job many times so far.
B3
4. I have wanted to go since two hours ago.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
Pressure
فشار
be under pressure
تحت فشار بودن
1. We are under pressure now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. We are under pressure every day.
B2
3. It has been under pressure many times since Friday.
B3
4. She has been under pressure since Friday.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
13.
She’s looking daggers at the staff
B1
She loves her hotel
B3
She has entered the hotel
B3
14
He’s getting money from a customer
B1
He works at the cashier’s
B2
He has graduated from university
B3
15
They’re falling down
B1
They serve food
B2
They have crashed into each other
B3
16
They are arguing with each other
They prepare the meals
They have spoiled the food
17
She’s typing
She types letters
She has typed two letters
18
He is carrying a suitcase
He helps the passengers
He has lifted a heavy suitcase
19
She’s feeling tired
She dusts and (she) cleans
She has washed 11 bedsheets
20
He’s looking at his watch
He flies airplanes
He has flown many times
21
They are feeling anxious
They guide passengers
They have visited many countries
22
She’s warning the taxi driver
They protect the city
They have arrested many criminals
23
She’s talking to the police officer
She moves passengers
She has bought a taxi
24
He is fixing the taxi
He works in a garage
He has fixed many vehicles
——————————————
1
He is feeling hungry
He loves hamburgers
He has not eaten anything since morning
He has been waiting for the coffee shop since two hours ago
2.
She’s thirsty
Appearance B2 meaningB1
She prefers cola
She has drunk five cans of cola since yesterday
She has been feeling thirsty for two hours
3&4
They are waiting for the flight
They always travel by airplane
They have visited many countries so far
They have been waiting for the flight since four hours ago
5
She’s feeling angry
She gets angry quickly
She hasn’t arrived at her destination yet
She has been arguing with the clerk for a half an hour
11&12
They are exhausted
They travel together
They have had heavy backpacks
They have been resting since morning
13
She’s reading a news
She likes reading newspapers
She has bought a newspaper
She has been reading a newspaper for an hour
14
He’s wearing a warm coat
He is feeling hot
B2……………
He has put on a warm coat
He has been feeling hard for a couple of minutes
15
She’s reading a sad book currently
She reads sad books
She has read 75 pages
She has been reading a sad book recently
.
.
Review
Kidnap someone
آدم ربایی کردن
they were some deliberate things
Life imprisonment
حبس ابد
Whiplash
We should have perseverance in life
Chemist
شیمیدان
narcotics
مواد مخدر
what of that TV series affected you?
I was affected by his perseverance
Some TV series are the spin off of another TV series
Interstellar
Dormitory
خوابگاه
Kingsman
Harry Potter
resident evil
shutter Island
Breaking bad
peaceful warrior
notebook
fall
enigmatic movies
knife out
mystery genre
top gun
.
Conditionals
If it hadn’t gotten cold last night, I would’ve gone to the park
Type3
If it had been raining at 10 o’clock last night, I wouldn’t have been walking in the park
A4, D4
If that book is taught, good information is given to students
B2, B2
Zero
Rules
If you teach that book, you will provide good information to the students
Type one /Real
If you teach that book, you give good information to the students
B2,B2
Zero
Rules
Could you please tell me about one of your best experiences in your life?
Why do you want to be in a good shape?
What is your purpose for being in a good shape?
Here is the apple of my eye
Mama’s boy
Be on the level
Be honest
People are thrilled when they enter the central Park
Thrilled means excited
There is a lot of tranquility in Central Park of New York
What’s your most important achievement in your life?
Review column B
1. The book is on the table now.
Appearance B2 meaning B2
2. The book is on the table every day.
B2
3. The book has been on the table 3 times so far.
B3
4. The book has been on the table for two hours.
AppearanceB3 meaningB4
—————
13
She’s looking daggers at the staff
B1
She loves her hotel
B2
She has entered the hotel
B3
14.
He is getting money from a customer
B1
He works at the cashier’s
B2
He has graduated from university
B3
15.
they are falling down
B1
They serve food
B2
They have crashed into each other
B3
16.
They are arguing with each other
B1
They prepare the meals
B2
They have spoiled the food
B3
17.
She’s typing
B1
She types letters
B2
She has typed two letters
B3
18.
He is carrying a suitcase
B1
He helps the passengers
B2
He has lifted a heavy suitcase
B3
19.
She’s feeling tired
B1
She dusts and cleans
B2
She has washed 11 bedsheets
B3
20.
He’s looking at his watch
B1
He flies airplanes
B2
He has flown many times
B3
21.
They are feeling anxious
B1
She guides passengers
B2
She has visited many countries
B3
22.
She is warning the taxi driver
B1
he protects the city
B2
They have arrested many criminals
B3
23.
She’s talking to the police officer
B1
She moves passengers
B2
She has bought a taxi
B3
24.
He is fixing the taxi
B1
He works in a garage
B2
He has fixed many vehicles
B3
———————-/——
1
She’s feeling hungry
B1
She loves hamburgers
B2
She has not eaten anything since morning
B3
She’s been waiting for the coffee shop since two hours ago
B4
2
She’s thirsty
Appearance B2 meaning B2
She prefers cola
B2
She has drank five cans of cola since yesterday
B3
She has been feeling thirsty for two hours
B4
3&4
They are waiting for the flight
B1
They always travel by airplanes
B2
They have visited many countries so far
B3
They have been waiting for the flight since four hours ago
B4
5.
She’s feeling angry
B1
She gets angry quickly
B2
She hasn’t arrived her destination yet
B3
She’s been arguing with the clerk for half an hour
B4
11&12
They are exhausted
Appearance B2 meaning B2
They travel together
B2
They have had heavy backpacks
B3
They have been resting since morning
B4
13.
She’s reading a newspaper
B1
She likes reading newspapers
B2
she has bought a Newspaper
B3
She has been reading a newspaper for an hour
B4
14.
He is wearing a warm coat
He is feeling hot
B1
………..,…………………
B2
He has put on a warm coat
B3
He has been feeling hot for a couple of minutes
B4
15.
She’s reading a sad book currently
B1
She reads sad books
B2
She has read 75 pages
B3
She has been reading a book recently
B4
.
What are you doing?
Why are you sitting here?
Why are you not doing your work?
What is your coworker doing now?
Why are they leaving the office?
Who is doing that project these days?
Who is solving that problem now?
Why is nobody solving the problem?
Why are they not solving the problem?
Where are you going?
What the hell are they doing?
.
Sinusitis infection
She had runny nose
It’s a big miracle
Participate in an exhibition
1. What usually stops you from making progress in different fields?
Daily tasks
Household chores
Commit suicide
Do a wheelie
My lungs are infected
We all hope you will be OK as soon as possible
He dedicates all of his energy to immigration affairs
School is very time-consuming
Aim
Goal
B column
1. Have you ever seen her?
B3
2. How many times have you read that book?
B3
3. Have you ever lied to me?
B3
4. Iran’s economy has improved during the past 10 years.
Iran’s economic conditions have improved during the past 10 years
B3
5. I’ve just arrived.
B3
1. It’s snowing.
B1
2. It has been snowing since morning.
B4
It’s been snowing since morning
3. Since 2001 they have repaired that building five times.
B3
4. They have been building that building since 2001.
They have been constructing that building since 2001
B4
Until now
By now
So far
Before now
Feel angry for two hours
Manage the affairs of this country
Speak with his servants
Kill some of his opponents
1. He has been feeling angry for two hours.
B4
2. He manages the affairs of his country.
B2
3. He is speaking with the servants.
B1
4. He has killed some of his opponents.
He’s killed some of his opponents
,
, some verbs are called intransitive verbs
These verbs don’t have any objects so it’s not possible to change them into passive
/happen/go/occur/appear/ disappear/arrive/come have/be
1. How is he writing the book?
How is the book being written by him?
2. Who do you call every day?
Who is called by you every day?
3. Who calls you every day?
Who are you called by every day?
1. Who has done that twice?
Who has that been done by twice?
2. Where will you put this book?
Where will this book be put by you?
3. How many people did you meet last week?
How many people were met by you last week?
.
.
Non-continuous verbs
1. This canned food has a good taste.
This canned food tastes good
B2
2. This food tastes good now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. He is tasting the food.
B1
1. He has breakfast at 8 o’clock every day.
B2
2. I have a big problem now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. I’m having a big problem now.
B1
.
Top of the morning to you!
Dinner
شام
Diner
غذا فروشی
he will be having fun before he dies
C1 before B2
They were jailed 10 years ago
And two years after that, they were executed
What for one more time together?
Microsoft copilot
Gemini
Arrest
Rob a bank
Steal money
1. Tim and Fred were arrested and jailed by the police when they were robbing a bank five years ago.
A2, A1
2. They had been robbing banks for many years, but the police had never arrested them.
A4, A3
3. They have been in the prison for five years now.
Appearance B3 meaningB4
4. They dislike prison and they have thought about freedom many times
B2, B3
5. They are talking about leaving prison.
B2
6. They are going to leave the prison tomorrow.
C2
7. Tim will be having dinner with his friend in a restaurant at this time tomorrow and Fred will have been washing the dishes for two hours
C1, C4
8. Fred will have robbed a bank again, and (he will have) returned to the prison by the end of this year.
C3, C3
Jackson School
Compensate for something
1. I’m gonna watch that movie soon.
C2
I’ll be watching that movie soon
C1 near future
I’m watching that movie soon
B1 personal arrangement
2. I’m going to buy that car tomorrow.
C2
I’ll be buying that car tomorrow
C1 Near future
I’m buying that car tomorrow
B1 personal arrangement
3. The government is going to decrease the price of gasoline next month.
The government reduces the price of gasoline next month
B2 public arrangements
Attend the exhibition
Tomorrow will be Wednesday
Tomorrow is going to be Wednesday
Tomorrow is Wednesday
B2 public arrangement
.
Participate in the exhibition
Course1
1. Have you ever argued with him?
B3
2. How many times have you seen him?
How many times have you met him?
How many times have you visited him?
B3
3. I have faced this problem twice since 10 years ago.
B3
4. You have asked this question several times during the past 10 minutes.
B3
Since 10 minutes ago
During the last 10 minutes
In the last 10 minutes
From 10 minutes ago until now
For the past 10 minutes
We have been learning English for one hour
B4
.
Inaugurate
1. I’m going to change my job soon.
C2
I will be changing my job soon
C1 near future
I’m changing my job soon
B1 personal arrangement
2. I’m gonna see/ meet my friend tomorrow.
C2
I’ll be seeing/meeting my friend tomorrow
C1 Near future
I’m meeting my friend tomorrow
B1 personal arrangement
3. The City Hall is going to inaugurate a new subway station on this street next year.
C2
The City Hall inaugurates a new subway station on this street next year
B2 public arrangement
Tomorrow will be Wednesday
Tomorrow is going to be Wednesday
C2
Tomorrow is Wednesday
B2 public arrangement
.
1. I’m going to register that idea.
I’ve decided to register that idea
2. He wants to be a useful person for the society in the future
3. She has decided to change her field./major
.
——-
1. The children of Jackson school camped with their teacher in a jungle a few hours ago.
A2
2. When they arrived there, the jungle was dark and quiet.
A2, appearanceA2 meaningA1
3. They had not camped in a jungle until that time.
A3
4. An hour later, three of the children left the tents while the others were sleeping.
A2, A1
5. Now they have been straying or wandering in the jungle for three hours.
B4
6. They have lost the way and don’t know the location of the camp.
B3, appearanceB2 meaning B 1
7. These children are very playful and whenever they enter a new place, they search there.
B2, B2, B2
8. They have totally been in the jungle for about six hours and their friends have been looking for them for about one hour.
Appearance B3 meaning B4, B4
9. A few moments later, they will encounter a ghost.
A few moments later, they are going to encounter a ghost
C2, Prediction
10. When they see the ghost, they will run away.
WhenB2, C2
11. Half an hour later they will arrive at an old house.
C2
12. When they enter the house, their friends will have arrived, and they will be waiting for them
WhenB2, C3, C1
13. Their teacher is going to punish them and (he is going to ) not take them to camp anymore.
C2, C2.
.
B1, B2, B3
1. He has taught many people.
B3
2. He is standing in the classroom.
B1
3. He teaches.
B2
1. It’s raining.
B1
2. She loves her country.
B2
3. She has bought a book.
B3
————-
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. She usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What colors does she always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
do you own that book?
B2
7. That dress doesn’t fit her.
That dress isn’t her size
B2
8. I don’t understand him these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. He needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
10. She never needs us.
She doesn’t ever need us
B2
1. My coworker’s son has the flu today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. The people of this region have interesting customs.
B2
3. She seems/looks full of energy today.
She’s looking full of energy today
4. She always seems/looks full of energy.
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
6. Are they having breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/meeting/visiting now?
B2
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
11. There are many stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather is cold in many areas today.
It is cold in many areas today
The weather of many areas is cold today
Appearance B2 meaning B1
13. The weather of the south pole cold.
The weather of Antarctica is cold
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that zoo don’t ever fly in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are useful for body.
Iranian traditional foods are useful for body
Traditional foods of Iran are useful for body
B2
18. Do the students of this university ever do research?
Do the students of this university do research at all?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need our help.
B2
.
Review
1. They have decided to register that idea next year.
B3
They are going to register that idea next year
C2
2. I want to retire at the age of 50.
B2
3. These days I’m planning to do that.
B1
4. She likes to be a useful person for the society.
B2
5. They have decided to go camping together.
They are going to go camping together
They intend to go camping together
————-
1. The children of Jackson school camped with their teacher in a jungle a few hours ago.
A2
2. When they arrived there, the jungle was dark and quiet.
A2, appearanceA2 meaningA1
3. They had not camped in a jungle until that time.
A3
4. An hour later, three of the children left the tents while the others were sleeping.
A2, A1
5. Now they have been straying or wandering in the jungle for three hours.
B4
6. They have lost the way and don’t know the location of the camp.
B3, appearanceB2 meaning B 1
7. These children are very playful and whenever they enter a new place, they search their.
B2, B2, B2
8. They have totally been in the jungle for about six hours and their friends have been looking for them for about one hour.
Appearance B3 meaning B4, B4
9. A few moments later, they will encounter a ghost.
A few moments later, they are going to encounter a ghost
C2, Prediction
10. When they see the ghost, they will run away.
WhenB2, C2
11. Half an hour later they will arrive at an old house.
C2
12. When they enter the house, their friends will have arrived, and they will be waiting for them
WhenB2, C3, C1
13. Their teacher is going to punish them and (he is going to ) not take them to camp anymore.
C2, C2
.
Good morning!
Appeal
1. Victor was looking for someone to watch movies with when he got acquainted with Tanya.
A1, A2
2. He had never watched movies with a movie buff like Tanya before that time.
A3
3. He had been looking for someone to watch movies with for a long time when he met Tania.
A4, A2
4. Now he has been watching movies with Tanya for one year.
B4
5. They have watched many movies together so far.
B3
6. Tania likes different genres
B2
7. Now Victor is waiting for Tanya.
B1
8. They are going to watch a movie together and the movie theater.
C2
9. In half an hour, they will be watching a great movie and enjoying it.
C1, C1
10. By 4 o’clock today, they will have watched the movie and they will have been talking about it for a couple of minutes.
C3, C4
Good luck 👍
VOA3
To honor them, the UN celebrated its first international world refugee day last month
The first international world refugee day was celebrated by the UN last month
The day also marked the 50th anniversary of an international agreement on the importance of refugees
The 50th anniversary of an international agreement on the importance of refugees was marked by the day
The 1951 convention on the status of refugees defined the legal rights of the refugees
The legal rights of refugees were defined by the 1951 convention on the status of refugees
The agreement also established international rules for the treatment of refugees
International rules for the treatment of refugees were established by the agreement
139 countries have signed the convention or a similar agreement (which was) negotiated in 1967
The convention or a similar agreement (which was) negotiated in 1967 has been signed by 139 countries
.
1. The convention was signed by 139 countries.
2. The convention established rules for the treatment of refugees.
The convention which established rules for the treatment of refugees was signed by 139 countries
The convention which was signed by 139 countries established rules for the treatment of refugees
.
Active
The convention establishing rules for the treatment of refugees was signed by 139 countries
Passive
The convention signed by 139 countries established rules for the treatment of refugees
.
Kofi Annan praised the bravery of past and present refugees
He said refugees are the greatest survivors of our time
Kofi Annan, who said refugees are the greatest survivors, praised their bravery
Kofi Annan, saying refugees are the greatest survivors, praised their bravery
Kofi Annan, who praised the bravery of past and present refugees, said that they are the greatest survivors of our time
Kofi Annan, praising the bravery of past and present refugees, said that they are the greatest survivors of our time
.
Pangs of conscience
عذاب وجدان
Introvert
Extrovert
Ambivert
She can have a relief after she talks about her problems
When she’s blaming you, you don’t like to listen to her
Empathy
Sympathy
Priority
Prioritize
We shouldn’t insist on changing our moods.
if someone wants to commit suicide, what should we do?
euthanize
.
B1, B2, B3
1. These days he is developing a new website.
B2
2. He works at a computer company.
B2
3. He has developed some websites until now.
He has designed some websites so far
B3
some/several/a few
Non-continuouverbs
1. They are spending time together.
B1
2. What food do you prefer now?
Appearance B2Meaning B1
3. What do you mean?
Appearance B2Meaning B1
4. He usually doesn’t remember important things.
B2
5. What colors does he always prefer?
B2
6. Does that book belong to you?
Do you own that book?
Is that book yours?
B2
7. That dress doesn’t fit her.
That dress is not her size
B2
8. I don’t understand them these days.
Appearance B2Meaning B1
9. She needs a lot of help these days.
Appearance B2Meaning B1
10. He doesn’t ever need us.
He never needs us
B2
1. My colleague’s son has the flu today.
Appearance B2Meaning B1
2. People of this region have interesting traditions.
B2
3. He seems full of energy today.
He seems energetic today
He looks energetic today
Appearance B2Meaning B1
He’s looking energetic today
B1
4. She always seems full of energy.
She always looks full of energy
B2
5. Does that book belong to you?
Is that book yours?
B2
6. Are they having breakfast?
Are they eating breakfast?
B1
7. Do they have breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning?
B2
8. What do you see now?
Appearance B2Meaning B1
9. Who are you seeing/meeting/visiting now?
B1
10. There are some birds in the sky.
Appearance B2Meaning B1
11. There are many stars in the sky.
B2
12. The weather is cold in many areas today.
It is cold in many areas today
Appearance B2Meaning B1
13. The weather of the south pole is cold.
The weather of Antarctica is cold
B2
14. The birds of that zoo never fly in the sky.
The birds of that don’t ever fly in in the sky
B2
15. Hot tea is delicious.
B2
16. This tea is hot.
Appearance B2Meaning B1
17. Traditional Iranian foods are good for body.
Iranian traditional foods are good for a body
Iranian traditional foods are beneficial or useful for body
B2
18. Do the students of this university ever do research?
Do the students of this university do research at all?
B2
19. How often does this restaurant serve Italian foods?
B2
20. They usually need help.
B2
.
Teach many books
Stand in the class
Teach
.
he teaches
B2
He is standing in the class
B1
He has taught many books
B3
The man who was talking was my brother
The man was my brother
The man was speaking
The man (who) you saw was my brother
The man was my brother
You saw him
The book which speaks about technology is very useful
The book (which) I wrote last year is about technology
The countries that were attacked are in the Middle East
The countries are in the Middle East
The countries were attacked
The countries that are in the Middle East were attacked
The countries (that) Israel attacked are in the Middle East
The machine (which) you fixed is working well
The machine that makes noise every day is old
The machine making noise every day is old
The machine that was fixed yesterday is old
The machine fixed yesterday is old
The woman singing at the party was my English teacher
The woman who was singing at the party was my English teacher
The lady seen at the party was my language teacher
The lady who was seen at the party was my language teacher
The lady (who) you saw the party was my language teacher
The man called John was my teacher
The man who was called John was my teacher
مردی که جان نامیده می شد معلممن بود
The man calling John was my teacher
The man who called John was my teacher
مردی که با جانتماس گرفت معلم من بود
.
I’m talking to Ehsan and I’m describing the whiteboard that’s been placed on the website. This whiteboard is used by the students by being refreshed every time I say something new.
It’s a Catch-22 situation
It means we don’t have any ways to go ahead and no ways to go back and we’re stuck in bad conditions of life
How does immigration affect individuals and societies?
Attitude
رفتار
what do immigration effects depend on?
how are immigration effects different for different people?
how can we use immigration to improve a country’s economy
What challenges do you think immigrants face?
They distinguish between right and wrong
What things are easy for you to leave behind
What things are hard for you to leave behind when it comes to immigration
Tit for tat
Do you believe in destiny?
We can control the happenings of our lives to some extent
Write wrote written
1. She has arrived at the class.
B3
Reach
Negative: she hasn’t arrived at the class
Yes/No: has she arrived at the class?
at the class: where has she arrived?
She: who has arrived at the class
2. He has written a book.
B3
a book: what has he written?
He: who has written a book
3. They have fixed a car.
B3
A car: what have they fixed?
They: who has fixed the car
4. It has rained a lot.
B3
a lot: how much has it rained?
Reason: why has it rained a lot?
.
Exercise
1. Present Simple: What do you usually do in your free time?
2. Present Continuous: Are you currently working or studying?
3. Present Perfect: Have you ever traveled to another country? If yes, where?
4. Past Simple: Where did you grow up, and what was it like there?
5. Past Continuous: What were you doing last weekend?
6. Present Perfect Continuous: How long have you been living in your current home?
7. Future Simple: Do you think you will try any new hobbies in the future?
8. Future Continuous: Where do you think you’ll be living five years from now?
9. Conditional (Second Conditional): If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you choose?
10. Used to (for past habits): Did you use to play any sports when you were younger?
Future was something very vague for us
I hope all my wishes come true in the future
Immigrate to Australia
emigrate from Iran to Australia
Row
Nightingale
بلبل
1. I had worked with him many times until 2015.
A3
2. She had been managing that company for five years until 2015.
A4
3. She has helped me a lot until now.
B3
4. I have been waiting for him for a long time.
B4
5. I have read this page twice since yesterday.
B3
6. I have been reading this book since yesterday.
B4
1. I will have read 50 pages of this book until 4 o’clock tomorrow.
C3
2. I will have established a factory until the age of 50.
C3
3. I will have been doing a sport for two hours by 4 o’clock tomorrow.
C4
4. I will have been living in this country for six years until 2030.
C4
How long have you been going to school?
I have been going to school for 11 years
How many times have you done bakery in your life?
I’ve done bakery many times in my life
How many students have you coached so far?
I have coached many athletes so far
How long have you been teaching swimming?
I have been teaching swimming for about six years
How many dresses have you designed so far?
I have designed more than 50 models
Have you ever criticized your husband?
Yes, I have
Have your parents ever punished you?
Yes, they have
How have your parents punished you so far?
My dad has hit me
B3
1. He has called me three times until now.
B3
Negative: he hasn’t called me three times until now
Yes/No: has he called me three times until now
me: who has he called three times until now
He: who has called me three times until now
2. I have seen him three times until now.
B3
I: who has seen him three times until now
3. It has rained a lot.
B4
a lot: how much has it rained?
4. She has driven this car many times until now.
B3
many: how many times has she driven this car until now?
.
Anna and Mike
1. She had changed her major twice until 2010.
A3
2. She had been trying to register her method for many years until 2010.
A4
3. Many students of this university have graduated until now.
B3
4. This university has been educating the students of this region for 10 years.
B4
5. we will have been moving or driving to Tehran for two hours by 10 o’clock tomorrow night
C4
6. We will have passed three cities until 10 PM tomorrow.
C3
Are you generally satisfied with your job?
Dormitory
خوابگاه
Hi
Whenever I wanna teach you something, just write it down on this whiteboard and then after a few seconds, if you refresh your whiteboard, you can see all of those words or sentences on it
Non-continuous
1. They seem sad now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. He seems sad every day.
B2
3. He doesn’t mean something special now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He never means something special.
B2
Fast food
Traditional food
Ethnic food
Flashcards
Native Americans
Or
Indians
1. I prefer not to eat this food now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. He usually prefers fast food.
B2
I prefer this food to that food
Column A
1. He was writing an article last Monday.
A1
2. She bought a book last Monday.
A2
3. He had cleaned up the room many times by last Monday.
A3
4. She had been waiting for her friend’s call for five days until last Monday.
A4
.
Get acquainted with
آشنا شدن با
unit
واحد
Pass
.
1. For how many years had you been studying by 2010?
A4
2. How many units had you passed until 2010?
A3
3. What project were you doing in 2010?
A1
4. Who did you get acquainted with in 2010?
A2
1. Mike and Anna were eating dinner when some insects entered the room.
A1, A2
2. They had never faced any insects in their room until that time.
A3
3. They have killed an insect and they are talking about it now.
B3, B1
4. The insects have been flying in the room for about one hour now.
B4
5. They hate insects so they will buy some insecticide and (they will) kill all of the insects tomorrow.
B2, C2, C2
6. At this time tomorrow they will be eating dinner without any problems because Mike will have killed all of the insects.
C1, C3
.
Non-continuous
1. These days she has a serious problem.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. These days she’s having a serious problem.
These days she’s struggling with a serious problem
These days she is dealing with a serious problem
B1
3. She has the flu now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. He has HIV.
B2
5. I have a problem with my husband today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
1. What news do you hear these days?
What news are you hearing these days?
2. Who are you seeing now?
Who are you visiting now?
Who are you meeting now?
B1
3. Who do you see in front of you now?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
4. Who do you see every day?
B2
5. Who sees you every day?
B2
.
Column A comparison
.
1. He was cleaning up his house on Friday.
A1
2. He cleaned up his room on Friday.
A2.
3. He had tested that device several times until Friday.
A3
4. He had been using that device for five days until Friday.
A4
1. For how many years had you been working at that company by 2010?
A4
2. How many times had you worked with that company until 2010?
A3
3. Which countries did you travel to in 2010?
A2
4. What project were you working on in 2010?
A1
——————————-
1. One hour ago when Anna and Mike were having dinner, some insects entered the room.
A1, A2
2. They had never faced any insects in their room until that time.
A3
3. They have just killed an insect and they are talking about it.
B3, B1
4. Those insects have been flying in the room for about one hour now.
B4
5. Anna hates insects, so Mike will buy some insecticide and (he will) kill all of the insects tomorrow.
B2, C2, C2
6. At this time tomorrow they will be having dinner without any problems because they will have killed all of the insects.
C1, C3
.
Mike promises that he will buy some insecticide tomorrow and he will have killed all of the insects before lunchtime
B2, C2,C3
Certain
Fountain
Refusal
Peaceful
Please give me the phonetics of fool and full
Vowel sounds are the sounds that are made with our vocal cords
Consonant sounds are the sounds that are made using lips, tongue and teeth
Stupid
Dumb
He has studied two terms of French language so far
He has studied English during the past two years
He has traveled to five other countries until now
Kenji has learned a lot of English words
He hasn’t learned English fully
Kenji has made a lot of friends so far
He has thought about many job
He has chosen a good job
He has worked for two companies during the last year
He has been to three states during the past year
He has a rented a classic car
He has decided to get married
He has visited his family three times during the past two years
He has been familiar with the culture of the US
He has never played the piano until now
He has studied English in the US and (he has) passed three terms so far
B3
Kenzie will have left the US in the next three years and he will be working at a bit company at this time three years later
C3,C1
Kenji is going to start a new job in California
C2
Kenji will be visiting his friends tomorrow
C1 NearFuture
He will be working when he is studying simultaneously
C1 when B1
when/while/after/before/by the time/until/at the moment
He will have been working for Google for three years by 2030
C4
Kenji is going to travel to other countries to study in other fields
he’s going to have studied English fully in two years
C3
he will have been studying English for four years by the time he graduates
C4 by the time B2
He will have gotten married at this time next year
C3
He will have graduated in two engineering fields in five years from now
C3
He is going to change into an English teacher in 2030
C2
He will have been playing the piano for five years by 2030
C4
He will have been working at a company for five years until 2030
C4.
.
Course3
1. That man bought a car.
2. That man was old.
3. The man who was old bought a car.
4. The man who bought a car was old.
.
Relative pronoun
1. The car which was making noise was so old.
The car was so old
The car was making noise
2. The car (which) my friend bought was old.
The car was old
My friend bought a car
.
The car my friend bought was old
.
1. Should we distinguish between men and women when it comes to types of jobs?
Women’s attendance in different jobs helps to have a better security in our society
Society
جامعه
Muscular power
قدرت عضلانی
Economic affairs
Social dignity
Something should be accepted by the society
Construction industry
Tower crane
Exception
2. Are there any jobs that you as ladies wish to do but you can’t do them because the society doesn’t accept them or doesn’t let you do them
You are satisfied with job conditions for women
Women are not hired or employed at oil refineries
Women can’t do hard physical activities in refineries
Gender discrimination
Lack of trust
Struggle with
Astronaut
Conclusion
Remote job
Perseverance and hard work
Patience
Intermediary
واسطه
.
Have
1. They have a car now.
Appearance B2, MeaningB1
2. He has an old car.
B2
3. I have a backache now.
Appearance B2, MeaningB1
4. He has LBP.
B2
Low back pain
5. Iran in the US have problems with each other.
B2
6. I have a problem with my husband today.
Appearance B2, MeaningB1
.
1. What news are you hearing these days?
B1
What news do you hear these days?
Appearance B2, MeaningB1
2. Who are you seeing now?
Who are you visiting now?
Who are you meeting now?
B1
3. Who do you see now in front of you??
Appearance B2, MeaningB1
4. Who do you see every day?
B2
5. Who sees you every day?
B2
.
Researchers say that the risk of heart attacks rises on days with high levels of pollution from cars and industry
Heart attacks are caused by high levels of pollution from cars and industry
The problem is believed to be caused by particulates-very small pieces of a carbon substance called soot
Scientists believe that the problem is caused by particulates-very small pieces of a carbon substance called soot
It is believed that the problem is caused by particulates-very small pieces of a carbon substance called suit
People believe that this food has poisoned many customers
It is believed that this food has poisoned many customers
Many customers are believed to have been poisoned by this food
Increasing evidence suggests that breathing these particles can be harmful
It is suggested that….
Humans can be hurt by breathing these particles
Researchers say changes in the beating of a person’s heart may take place after breathing particle pollution
It is said….
The beating of a persons heart is changed by particle pollution
.
But the effects may be dangerous for older people and people with heart disease
But older people and people with heart disease may be affected more
Pollution has been causing heart attacks for many years
In my opinion, factories should have started producing electric cars many years ago
1. if factories didn’t pollute the air, people could have healthier lives.
Unreal
2. If governments make better air pollution laws, fewer people will have heart diseases.
Real
3. If the air hadn’t been polluted one month ago, my daughter wouldn’t have left Isfahan
.
1. What percent of freedom do you think we have in our country?
We’re under pressure.
I can’t think about it like “what percent” but I can say all people are under a lot of pressure when it comes to freedom
.
Forbidden in religion
A lot of our freedom has been negatively affected by our ideas
The people who have a lot of connections have freedom
Why do you think they limit people’s freedom?
As for what can people put them in danger?
Are you or were you limited by your family?
If yes, how
What did your family want you not to do in the past
What does your family want you not to do now
Gamble
Backgammon
Smugglers
Drug traffickers
I killed two birds with one stone
Some activities like games can deviate our thoughts and make us calm and relaxed
.
Appearance B2 Meaning B1
Traditional foods
Ethnic foods
1. They now prefer to stay at home.
They prefer to stay at home now
Appearance B2 Meaning B1
2. They usually prefer traditional foods.
B2
3. You seem beautiful today.
Appearance B2 Meaning B1
4. He is changing his ideas.
B1
.
5. You always seem beautiful.
B2
1. Do you study or do you work?
2. what do you study?
3. Do you like your major?
4. Why do you like your major?
5. How often do you cook?
6. Who cooks to help you?
7. How often do you backbite your mother in law?
I never backbite her
You are lying
8. How long have you been married?
I’ve been married for two years and three months
9. What are you thinking about now?
I’m thinking about nothing
10. Are you feeling nervous now?
11. Where do you work?
12. What do you do?
13. What do you do at the weekends?
14. What books do you read?
I read psychology books
15. What’s your relationship with Ibrahim?
16. How often do you exercise?
I exercise every other day
17. What’s your favorite food?
Stew
.
Cutlet
.
Review
1. Many things had happened until 20 10
A3
2. I had been working at that office for four years until 2010.
A4
1. She has worked a lot until now.
B3
2. She has been working on that project for many years until now.
B4
.
1. Jack and Julie were talking to each other by the lake.
A1
2. They had gone there by car.
A3
3. They had set up their tents and (they had) eaten dinner.
They had set up their tents and (they had) had dinner
A3, A3
4. A few moments later, some strange creatures appeared in the lake
A2
5. Now they have been looking at those creatures for 10 minutes.
B4
6. It’s the first time that they have seen such creatures.
B2, B3
7. Jack is taking photos and Julie is pointing at those strange creatures.
B1, B1
8. Whenever Jack sees something strange or interesting, he immediately takes out his camera and starts taking photos.
B2, B2,B2
9. Some moments later when Jack leaves the beach for the police station Julie will still be taking photos.
WhenB2, C1
10. An hour later, Jack with the police and the photographers will arrive at the beach of the lake.
C2
11. When Jack returns, the monsters will have disappeared.
WhenB2, C3
12. Maybe the police and the photographers will not believe Jack and Julie’s words.
C2
13. But Jack will show them the photos.
But Jack is going to show them the photos
C2
.
1. She is making a food now.
B1
2. She wants a food now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
1. They are checking a serious problem now.
B1
2. They need help now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
.
My bag contains books, pens, and notebooks
My back consists of a handle some zippers and some pockets
1. We prefer to stay in this city now.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
2. They prefer to eat fast food every day.
B2
3. It’s raining.
B1
4. She seems beautiful today.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
5. She always seems beautiful.
She always seems pretty
Good looking
Handsome
How often do you go on a trip?
we go on a trip twice a year
do you ever smoke Hubble bubble?
how often do you nag your husband?
how do you seem that beautiful?
thank you for your compliment
how often do you bake a cake?
how often does your husband cook?
I help my daughter with her lessons
What goal do you have for future?
I want to improve my job
What are you doing these days?
I’m working on a graphic design
How often do you see your best friend?
I seldom see my close friend
Do you ever think about immigration?
I think about immigration to Germany
1. Jack and Julie were talking to each other by the lake.
A1
2. They had gone there by car.
A3
3. They had set up their tents and (they had) eaten dinner.
They had set up their tents and (they had) had dinner
A3, A3
4. A few moments later, some strange creatures appeared in the lake
A2
5. Now they have been looking at those creatures for 10 minutes.
B4
6. It’s the first time that they have seen such creatures.
B2, B3
7. Jack is taking photos and Julie is pointing at those trans creatures.
B1, B1
8. Whenever Jack sees something strange or interesting, he immediately takes out his camera and starts taking photos.
B2, B2,B2
9. Some later when Jack leaves the beach for the police station Julie will still be taking photos.
WhenB2, C1
10. An hour later, Jack with the police and the photographers will arrive at the beach of the lake.
C2
11. When Jack returns, the monsters will have disappeared.
WhenB2, C3
12. Maybe the police and the photographers will not believe Jack and Julie’s words.
C2
13. But Jack will show them the photos.
But Jack is going to show them the photos
C2
.
Row 3
I work in Jay industrial zone
1. She had warned me three times until 10 o’clock last night.
A3
2. He has reviewed that page many times until now.
B3
3. When I entered home, my dad had fallen asleep.
When A2, A3
1. I will have established my own company before the age of 70.
C3
2. This country will have destroyed that country by 10 o’clock tomorrow night.
A c3
3. When I enter my office tomorrow, all of my colleagues will have arrived.
When B2, C3
How long have you been doing bakery?
I have been doing bakery for a long time
I have been doing bakery since Secondary school
What have you done to relax?
What do you do to relax?
Have you ever faced money challenge in your life?
Revise
Dare
Emphasize
Your ideas
Your beliefs
Bake
Spouse
1. Do you ever bake a cake?
Do you ever make a cake?
2. Do you ever dare to lie to your spouse?
3. How often do you laugh at others?
4. Do you ever emphasize your beliefs?
1. He goes to work by bus every morning.
He takes the bus to work every morning
2. He meets his friends in the park at the weekend.
3. That machine comes with a user manual for easy installation.
That machine has a user manual for easy installation
4. They think (that) sport is important for a healthy lifestyle.
5. We look forward to seeing you at the party every Friday.
We wait eagerly to see you at the party every Friday
6. They want to improve their skills with regular practice.
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give it feed as a reward.
After my dog treats well, I feed it as a gift
After my dog behaves well, I give it a treat as a reward
8. She uses her computer for both work and fun.
She uses her computer both for a fun and work
9. She has difficulty waking up early in the morning.
She knows it difficult to wake up early in the morning
She finds a difficult to wake up early in the morning
She thinks that waking up early in the morning is hard
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
11. When we need help we ask for it.
.
Tom and the dinosaur
Row 3
Cooperate with
1. I had cooperated with him many times until 2020.
A3
:many: how many times have you cooperated with him until 2020
him: who had you cooperated with many times until 2020
I: who had cooperated with him many times until 2020
2. They have served a lot of food.
B3
a lot of: how much food have they served?
Served a lot of food: what have they done?
They: who has served a lot of food
By the age of 70
1. I will have immigrated until the age of 70.
2. I will have graduated and (I will have) found a job until 2030.
3. When you arrive tomorrow, the party will have finished.
When B2, C3
What will we have done by 2027?
I will have bought a camera
Have you ever taken professional photos?
No, I haven’t
Is your major related to photography?
I haven’t chosen a major yet
What major have you decided to choose?
I have decided to choose theater
Have you ever been to Azadi stadium
What match did you see?
What classes have you taken so far?
.
Impose something on someone
Strict
Everything goes in one ear and out the other
Prejudice
It depends on a person’s characteristics
Four features or four characteristics can be seen in the four rows of our tense table
I had started my new job and simultaneously I had taken some English classes
.
A piece of
Software/news/information/advice
.
Exercise
1. He is telling those people something.
B1
2. They are having fun at the party.
B1
3. I’m making my best effort to learn a new
I’m trying my best to learn a new language
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
B1.
4. He is getting ready for his trip.
He is preparing for his trip
B1
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
B1
6. He is resting.
He is taking some rest
B2
7. They are coming to see us.
B1
8. He is thinking about his future plans.
B1
9. She’s looking for her lost keys.
B1
10. He is speaking in the conference.
He is giving a speech in the conference
He is delivering a speech at the conference
B1
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
B2
2. They bake delicious cookies from A to Z
. they bake delicious cookies from scratch.
B2
3. They go for a walk in the park every night.
They take a walk in the park every night
B2
4. We know a lot about history.
B2
5. The children take their dog for a walk twice a day.
B2
6. I visit my friends during the week .
B2
7. You come home late every night.
B2
8. We think so much about our future.
We think a lot about our future
B2
9. We wait for our holidays eagerly every year.
We look forward to our holidays every year
B2
10. They want to have a trip to Europe every summer.
They want to travel to Europe every summer
B2
11. They kiss their children before bed every night.
B2
1. He goes to work by bus every morning.
He takes the bus to work every morning
B2
2. She meets her friends in the park at the weekend.
B2
3. That machine comes with a user manual for easy installation.
B2
4. They think sport is important for a healthy lifestyle.
B2
5. We look forward to seeing you at the party every Friday.
B2
6. They want to improve their skills with regular practice.
B2
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give it food as a reward.
After my dog behaves correctly, I give it a treat as a reward
8. She uses her computer both for work and fun.
She uses her computer for both work and fun
B2
9. He finds it difficult to wake up early in the morning.
B2
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
B2, B2
11. When we need help, we ask for it.
B2, B2
.
.
If these days pass well, we will have a better future
Real
What would you do if you were a man?
Unreal
If you had come to the party yesterday, we would have enjoyed it more
Regret
If her daughter hadn’t wanted her to stay home, she would be in the class now
Mixed
If I was a man, I would get my rights from many people
If I were a man, I would get my rights from many people
Striped pajamas
—————————
1. If you read this book, your knowledge will increase.
Real
2. If I was in the US, I would study at a better university.
If I were in the US, I would study at a better university
Unreal
3. If you see him, you will like him.
Real
4. If I had read that book last year, I would have succeeded in the interview yesterday.
Regret
5. If I had immigrated 10 years ago, I would have better conditions now.
Mixed
6. If you work well, at this company, you will be promoted.
Real
7. If you establish a company, you will be able to hire some young people.
If you establish a company, you can hire some young people
Real
8. If you founded a company, you would be able to employ some young people.
If you established a company, you could employ some young people
Unreal
9. If you had established a company last year, some young people would work at it now.
Mixed
10. If he was here now, we would have a lot of fun.
If he were here now, we would have a lot of fun
Unreal
What would you do if you went back to 10 years ago??
.
What job would you choose if you were not an English teacher?
.
Junior
Senior
Are there any laws that are not just or fair in our country which should be changed?
Women should be given equal rights
What freedom should be given to people
Freedom of what
Economic problems should be solved
People should be given freedom of speech
I think compulsory hijab should be removed
Discrimination between men and women should be removed or ended
Laws should be reconsidered and revised
If I was in charge of this country, I would not pay any money to other nations. Instead, I would help the poor people of my own nation.
Mutilate
Donald Trump is one percent human and 99% preservatives
It’s only necessary to change some rules about accepting people at universities because some people have special privileges and they are accepted at universities very easily without trying hard and because of that many medical majors accept people who don’t have special expertise and knowledge
What do you need your husband‘s permission for?
If I want to go to my mom‘s house, I need my husband‘s permission
They need their husband’s permissions for surgeries
How do you compare Mahatma Gandhi with Martin Luther King Junior?
Gandhi paved the way for Martin Luther King
Legal and illegal
.
.
Review
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
Countable nouns
Books/cars/houses/classes
Bill/coin
Uncountable nouns
information/money/water/oil/advice/news/
A piece of news
A piece of information
A piece of advice
I have two pieces of advice for you
I have two pieces of news for you
A piece of bad news and a piece of good news
Fish/fishes/food/foods
There’s a lot of food in the pot
There are two foods on the menu
There are some quantifiers that can be used before countable, noun and uncountable nouns
Countable
A few few several many a lot a lot of some a couple of
A lot of people
She helps me a lot
Uncountable nouns
A little little much a lot a lot of some
I have so much information
I don’t have much information
———————————————————
backbite
Gossip
Prophet
پیامبر
postpone
—————————————-
1. He analyzes new information every day.
Negative: he doesn’t analyze new information every day
2. They often arrive late.
They arrive late very often
3. She never postpones her homework.
She doesn’t ever postpone her homework
————————————-
1. He goes to work by bus every morning.
He takes a bus to work every morning
2. She sees her friends in the park at the weekend.
3. That device comes with a user manual for easy installation.
4. They think that exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle.
5. We look forward to seeing you at the party every Friday.
6. They want to improve their skills with regular practice.
7. After my dog behaves correctly, I give it food as a reward.
After my dog behaves correctly, I give it a treat as a reward
8. He uses his computer for both fun and work.
9. She finds it hard to wake up early in the morning.
10. They tell funny jokes that make everyone laugh.
11. When we need help we ask for it.
1. If you come now, I will give you the book.
2. If you came now, I would give you the book.
3. If you had come yesterday, I would’ve given you the book.
1. If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the office.
2. If I had $20 million now, I would give all of that to the poor.
3. If that hadn’t happened four years ago, we wouldn’t have become miserable.
1. If you had loved me that year, I would have married you.
2. If I don’t come to the class on Saturday, I will join the other class.
3. If I was a soul, I would talk to my uncle.
.
Do & Have
Every other day
یک روز در میان
1. She eats breakfast at 8 o’clock every
She has breakfast at 8 o’clock every day
Negative:
She doesn’t eat breakfast at 8 o’clock every morning morning
She doesn’t have breakfast at 8 o’clock every morning
Who eats breakfast at 8 o’clock every morning?
Who has breakfast at 8 o’clock every morning?
Every day:
How often does she eat breakfast at 8 o’clock?
How often does she have breakfast at 8 o’clock?
Emphasize:
She does eat breakfast at 8 o’clock every morning
She does have breakfast at 8 o’clock every morning
2. They have lunch at 2 o’clock every afternoon.
Every afternoon:
How often do they have lunch at 2 o’clock?
At 2 o’clock:
When do they have lunch every afternoon ?
What time do they have lunch every afternoon ?
Emphasize: they do have lunch at 2 o’clock every afternoon
Reason:
Why do they have lunch at 2 o’clock every afternoon?
They: who has lunch at 2 o’clock every afternoon
Always
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Seldom
Never
قید تکرار قبل از فعل اصلی
3. I always do my homework well.
Well: how do I always do my homework?
Always: how often do you do your homework well?
My homework: what do you always do well?
I: who always does my homework well
4. They do that duty every other day.
Every other day: how often do they do that duty?
That duty: what do they do every other day?
They: who does that duty every other day?
What happens here every day?
It happens here every day
They happen here every day
I’m in the 10th grade of school
Do you have any sisters or brother?
Do you have any siblings?
How often do you exercise?
.
Are you generally satisfied with your life?
Are there some things that you regret in your life?
I trusted one of my friends, but she deceived me and took a lot of my money
There are lots of things that make me regret
The economic inflation in my country makes me regret having stayed here
have you ever thought of doing something extraordinary that is not based on the normal rules of your life?
Have you ever thought of taking a risk in your life?
1. That animal appears in this park every day.
Negative: that animal doesn’t appear in this park every day
Yes/No: does that animal appear in this park every day?
Reason: why does that animal appear in this park every day?
Emphasize: that animal does appear in this park every day
2. They always avoid this problem.
This problem: what do they always avoid?
Always: how often do they avoid this problem?
They: who always avoids this problem
3. He draws beautiful pictures.
Beautiful pictures: what does he draw?
: Emphasize: he does draw beautiful pictures
He: who draws beautiful pictures
Reason: why does it draw beautiful pictures?
4. I expect you to memorize words.
You: who do I expect to memorize words?
words: what do I expect you to memorize?
..
Martin Luther King
What percent of a racist do you think you are?
This tea is too hot for me to drink
He has LBP
Low back pain
he is a nigger
Bloodshed
Shedding tears
Shedding blood
Commit crime
Commit sin
Commit error
Commit suicide
Suicide attack
martyrdom seeking attack
.
A2 B3
I like vigorous sports
We have a lot of athletes in our class
1. Whenever I face him, we talk to each other.
B2, B2
2. When I face him tomorrow, we will talk to each other.
When B2, C2
3. When I got home yesterday, I had a delicious meal.
A2, A2
4. You will be eating dinner when I’m watching TV tomorrow night.
C1 When B1
When I’m watching TV tomorrow night, you will be eating dinner
Collect a lot of information
Gather a lot of information
1. I came to the city 10 years ago.
A2
2. Since 10 years ago, I have collected a lot of information.
B3
1. I bought this car yesterday.
A2
2. I bought this car yesterday.
A2
3. I’ve just bought this car.
B3
.
Do Have
1. He has breakfast at 8 o’clock every day.
B2
Negative: he doesn’t have breakfast at 8 o’clock every day
Yes/No: does she have breakfast at 8 o’clock every day?
Emphasize: he does have breakfast at 8 o’clock every day
Every day: how often does he have breakfast at 8 o’clock?
Place: where does he have breakfast at 8 o’clock every day?
At 8 o’clock: when does he have breakfast every day?
He: who has breakfast at 8 o’clock every day
2. They have many problems.
Yes/No: do they have many problems?
Emphasis: they do have a lot of problems
Reason: why do they have many problems?
Many problems: what do they have?
They: who has many problems
3. They do important duties every year.
Every year: how often do they do important duties
Important duties: what do they do every year?
Reason: why do they do important duties every year?
They: who does important duties every year?
4. He does his homework carefully every night.
Carefully: how does he do his homework every night?
Every night: how often does he do his homework carefully?
He: who does his or her homework carefully every night
Who does their homework every night?
She called him every day
him:
Who does she call every day?
She:
Who calls him every day?
.
Comparison between A2 & B3
1. He graduated last year.
A2
2. He has graduated (during the last three months).
B3
1. They entered the city last night.
A2
2. They entered this city last night.
A2
3. They have just entered this city.
B3
Threaten
تهدید کردن
Face
روبروشدن
1. When our class started yesterday, I asked our teacher many questions.
A2, A2
2. Whenever she sees Jack, she laughs at him.
B2, B2
3. Tomorrow when I face her, I will threaten her.
When B2, C2
1. Tom was walking in the yard when he suddenly heard a noise from the storeroom.
A1, A2
2. He went to the store, Room, opened the door, and saw a dinosaur there
A2, A2, A2
3. The dinosaur was sitting in the storeroom and (it was) eating a strange plant.
A1, A1
4. He took some of that plant.
A2
5. Now the dinosaur has been in the storeroom for about two hours and Tom has been checking the plan for one hour.
AppearB3 meaningB4
B4
6. The dinosaur has a stomachache because it has eaten a lot of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
B3
7. Whenever Tom sees a new thing, he tries it.
B2, B2
8. Now Tom wants to try some of that plant.
Appearance B2 meaning B1
9. A few minutes later, Tom is going to eat some of that plant.
C2
10. When he arrives in the jungle, a huge dinosaur will be waiting for him.
When B2, C1
11. The dinosaur will be very hungry.
The dinosaur is going to be very hungry
Appearance B2 meaning B1
12. Dinosaur will follow him and (it will) try to eat him.
C2, C2
Discussion and sentence making
Blue/manner/behavior/strange/weird /step hurry daughter/possess/chill/chill out /related to/ rush out/ escape/ run away/ shout/
Six people were rescued
Six people survived
Adventure
Sea sick 🤢
Vomit
Bring up 🤮
He decided not to go to see anymore
Ill and sick have the same meaning
Drive a car
Fly an air
Ride a bicycle
sail a ship or boat
So Robinson Crusoe had a worse feeling compared to his past feeling
.
Host
Guest
They couldn’t guess what the guest’s job was
Antique shop
They were cheated while they were trying to cheat
. Orphanage.
Orphan
.
She possessed feelings of hate for her stepdaughter
.
Nag
Sanction
1. Maybe our team will win tomorrow.
Not sure
2. She’s talking a lot.
B2
I will tell her to be quiet
C2 New decision
3. The US will sanction Iran more in the future.
C2 prediction
The US is going to sanction Iran more in the future
4. This child doesn’t like pizza.
B2
He is going to nag about the food
C2 Prediction
He will nag about the food
1. I’m using my computer to work on a project.
B1
2. He uses his cell phone to call his friends every day.
B2
3. he has told me about his new job in this city.
B3
4. They ask me what they should do in their free time.
B2
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4
6. When she spends time with her family, she feels happy.
B2, B2
7. He has been trying to improve his cooking skills recently.
B4
8. They have left the office today.
B3
9. I have called the doctor to make an appointment.
B3
10. This company provides health insurance to its employees.
This company provides its employees with health insurance
B2
I will call you when I arrive tomorrow
C2 when B2
I will celebrate next week after I graduate
C2 after B2
After I graduate next week, I will celebrate it
After B2, C2
B2
Allow
Play soccer
Loyalty
Ensure
.
1. He allows me to play soccer with him every day.
Negative: he doesn’t allow me to play soccer with him every day
Yes/No: does he allow me to play soccer with him every day?
Emphasize: he does allow me to play soccer with him every day
2. They attack each other once a month.
Yes/No: do they attack each other once a month
Negative: they don’t attack each other once a month
Emphasis; they do attack each other once a month
3. He always ensures me about his loyalty.
B2
Reason: why does he always ensure me about his loyalty?
His loyalty: what does he always ensure me about?
4. They always gather useful information.
B3
Useful information: what do they always gather?
Reason: why do they always gather useful information?
Place: where do they always gather useful information?
.
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
B2
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
B2
3. They go to the park for a walk every night.
B2
They take a walk in the park every night
4. We know a lot about history.
B2
5. The children take their dog for a walk two times every day.
B2
6. I see my friends during the week.
B2
7. You come home late every night.
B2
8. We think about our future a lot.
We think a lot about our future
B2
9. We wait for our holidays eagerly every year
. look forward to.
We look forward to our holidays every year
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
B2
Emphasize: they do want to travel to Europe every summer
11. They kissed their children before sleeping every night.
They kiss their children before bed every night
.
Differences between will and be going to
Fail
Lose
Nag
Warn
Sanction
1. Maybe I will fail tomorrow.
C2 not sure
2. He is doing a dangerous thing.
B1
I will warn him
Sure New decision
3. I’m going to sanction them more.
I’m going to sanction them more
C2 sure Old decision
4. She doesn’t like this food.
B2
She will nag you about it
C2 sure prediction
She’s going to nag you about it
1. I’m using my computer to work on a project.
B1
2. She uses her cell phone to call her friends every
B2
3. She has told me about her new job in this city.
B3
4. They ask me questions about what they should do in their free time.
They ask me about what to do in their free time
B2
5. We have been working on this project for a long time.
B4
6. Whenever he spends time with his family, he feels happy.
B2, B2
7. She has been trying to improve her cooking skills recently.
B4
8. They have left the office today.
B3
9. I have called the doctor to make an appointment.
B3
10. This company provides health insurance to its employees.
This company provides its employees with health insurance
B2
——————————
I will arrive at 9 o’clock tomorrow
C2
She will leave home at 9 PM tomorrow
C2
When I’m resting tomorrow, you will be working
When B1, C1
When I arrive tomorrow, she will leave home
.
Good morning!
they come here every day
Yes/No: do they come here every day?
Negative: they don’t come here every day
here: where do they come every day?
Every day: how often do they come here?
Reason: why do they come here every day?
Emphasis: they do come here every day
We love our families:
Emphasize: we do love our families
Yes/No; do we love our families
Reason: why do we love our families?
Negative question: don’t we love our families?
Negative reason: why don’t we love our families?
Really?: do you really love your family?
Do you love your job?:
Yes, I do
Why do you love your job?
Because my job is near my house
Do you have any ideas for future?
What ideas do you have for future?
I want to establish a company
What company do you want to establish?
I want to establish a business company
What do you want to do after retirement?
I do love training
What kind of training do you like?
What why do you like to teach management?
How much time do you spend with your son every day?
How do you spend your time with your child every day?
He is 4 and a half years old
What do you do with your son?
What movies do you watch?
We watch comedy TV shows together
.
7:30
Good morning
Well, everybody today we’re gonna be getting through those questions that I sent you on telegram and we’re gonna answer the questions and have a discussion
Could you tell me how many words you have inserted in your flashcards?
Afford
Can afford to buy something
Have enough money to buy something
Fertile
Fertilize
Eventually
Finally
Wealth
Health is wealth
Grain
Protest against
Fountain
Poverty
Prohibit
Ban
forbid
Violence
Violent
Nonviolent protest
Occupy
Occupation
Profession
Ridiculous
Funny
Joking
Resident
Citizen
Baptist
Baptism
Baptize
Achilles heels
Weakness
Privilege
Colonist
Colony
Descendants
Ancestors
Descent
Ascent
Ancient
Climb a ladder
Violation of rules
Violate the laws
Violation of human rights
Surrender
Circumcise
Go on a strike
Lead led led
.
Course3
Paraphrase or rephrase
.
May
Might
Can
Could
May
might havePP
Could
.
Human hunters may have killed the animals for food
The findings were reported by science magazine
Probably the ancient humans didn’t know farming
Ancient humans may not have known farming
Should
Should have PP
Mr. Alroy developed a computer program to study the effects of human hunters on animals
How humans number increased was investigated by him
How the number of humans was increased was studied by him
How a group of humans grew in number was studied by him
Humans should have learned farming in order to kill fewer animals
Scientists said that fossils show that big animals disappeared 46,000 years ago
It was said that fossil…….
,
How the disappearance of animals was linked with human expansion was described by Paul Martin
Only unawareness could’ve caused such a disappearance
.
Smart Alec
It makes it easier to connect with other countries
Expertise
تخصص
The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence
Aggression and anxiety
Make excessive use of social media
Use social media excessively
.
As an advertisement for my job
Reminds me of a good memory
.
B1 & B2
Memorize
Produce
Quality products
Well-made products
Zone
Area
Region
1. They learn a new lesson every day.
: negative: they don’t learn a new lesson every day
Yes, no question: do they learn a new lesson every day?
Emphasize that: they do learn a new lesson every day
A new lesson: what do they learn every day?
Change they to she: she learns a new lesson every day
2. She memorizes some new words every day.
Yes/No: does she memorize some new words every day?
Every day: how often does she memorize some new words?
Reason: why does she memorize some new words every day?
3. Those machines produce quality products.
Emphasize: those machines do produce quality products
Quality products: what do those machines produce?
4. It rains a lot in this region every winter.
Every winter: how often does it rain a lot in this region?
A lot: how much does it rain in this region every winter?
Emphasize: it does rain a lot in this region every winter
1. I wake up at 6 o’clock every morning.
B2
2. They make delicious cookies from scratch.
B2
3. They go to the park for a walk every night.
They take a walk in the park every night
They go to the park for walking every night
4. We know a lot about history.
B2
5. The kids take their dog for a walk twice a day
6. I see my friends during the week.
B2
7. You come home late every night.
B2
8. We think about our future a lot.
We think a lot about our future
B2
9. We wait for our holidays eagerly every year
Enthusiastically
Look forward to
.
We look forward to our holidays every year
10. They want to travel to Europe every summer.
11. They kiss their kids before bed every night.
They kiss their kids before going to bed every night
They kiss their kids before sleeping every night
.
Before
After
Without
At
Four
Next to
….ing
What’s your name my name is
What are you doing?
What do you do?
Where do you work?
I work in the industrial zone of Dolat Abad
What do you produce at your company?
Devices for infants
Are you married?
Do you have any children?
How old is she?
What’s her name?
How old are you?
How often do you cook?
What do you cook every week?
I cook foreign foods
Why are you learning English?
I want to immigrate
.
Social media has transformed modern society, shaping how people interact, communicate, and even perceive the world. Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have made it easier than ever to connect with others, share experiences, and access information globally. This connectivity has led to positive impacts, such as creating awareness about important issues, supporting small businesses, and fostering online communities where people can find support and inspiration.
However, social media also brings challenges. The pressure to present a "perfect" life online can lead to feelings of inadequacy and anxiety, particularly among young users. Furthermore, the rapid spread of misinformation and divisive content can amplify misunderstandings and deepen social divides. Studies suggest that excessive use of social media can also impact mental health, potentially leading to issues like depression, loneliness, and sleep disruption.
Despite these challenges, social media remains a powerful tool with the potential to drive positive change. By using it thoughtfully, society can harness its benefits—spreading knowledge, promoting empathy, and building stronger connections—while addressing its risks.
1. What are some of the positive impacts of social media mentioned in the passage?
2. How has social media changed the way people connect and share experiences?
3. In what ways can social media create feelings of inadequacy or anxiety?
4. How does social media support awareness about important social issues?
5. What are some of the mental health risks associated with excessive social media use?
6. Why is misinformation a challenge on social media, and what impact can it have on society?
7. How can social media both help and harm small businesses?
8. What does it mean to use social media “thoughtfully,” and why is this important?
9. How can online communities built on social media provide support to individuals?
10. Do you believe the benefits of social media outweigh its challenges? Why or why not?
I used to smoke when I was young
سابقاً سیگار می کشیدم
I was used to going to the garden
I am used to going to the garden
I will be used to going to the garden
I will be used to cold weather in the future
.
VOA
Scientist have long debated what caused many kinds of large animals in North America and Australia to disappear
What caused many kinds of large animals in North America and Australia to disappear has long been debated by scientists
Two new studies blame ancient humans for the disappearance
Ancient humans are blamed for the disappearance by two new studies
They say (that) human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food
They/mention /say/believe /know/report/allege/claim(that)
It is said that
It is mentioned that
It is believed that
It is known that
It is reported that
Human hunters on both continents may have killed the animals for food
The animals may have been killed for food by human hunters on both continents
I may see him tomorrow
He may be at home now
/may/might/could have PP
.
It is said that the animals may have been killed for food by human hunters on both continents
.
Science magazine reported the findings
The findings were reported by science magazine
They included woolly mammoths several kinds of horses, camels, and oxen
Woolly mammoth several kinds of horses, camels and oxen were included
John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara led one of the studies
One of the studies was led by John Elroy of the university of California at Santa Barbara
He developed a computer program to study the effects of human hunters on 41 kinds of large mammals
A computer program was developed by him to study the effects of human hunters on 41 kinds of large mammals
.
he based history on evidence that humans first arrived in North America 13,000 years ago
His study was based on evidence that
He examined how a group of about 100 humans could grow in number in 1200 years
How a group of about 100 humans could grow a number over appear of 1200 years was examined by him
Such things as reproduction rates, and the amount of food humans needed to survive were estimated by him
.
.
- Do you have any bad habits
- Like every person in the world, I have some bad habits which I don’t like.
- Recently, I’ve been trying to remove some of my bad habits because those habits I think are affecting my life to a great extent.
- I think some bad habits are created in a person because of the bad lifestyle they have. some bad habits appear in people in childhood because they live in some places where people have those bad habits.
My eyelashes are thin or my left eyelashes are thinner than my right eyelashes
This bad habit was caused by my anxiety
I am used to drinking water after every meal
I used to smoke in the past
Stand on a ceremony
رودربایستی کردن
unlike other people
you have pangs of conscience after you get angry
Punctual
Tardy
Do they swear at you?
I stayed up late at night and I studied my lessons because of that I overslept in the morning and I went to university late so I was always tardy
.
Let’s get to the lovely pigeons
Are you completely satisfied with your husband?
.
She’s a prophet
One of your bad habits is that you interrupt others while they are talking
I’m not nosy
It’s none of my business whether he has a partner or not
That’s all BS
- ?
- Do you bite your nails?
- Do you over sleep?
- sDo you sleep on the sofa?
- Do you sleep in your clothes?
- Do you eat late at night?
- What are some good habits to have?
- What are healthy eating habits?
- What are bad eating habits?
- What are good study habits?
- What are bad study habits?
- Where do we learn our habits?
- What are some of your bad habits?
- Do children learn bad habits at school or at home?
- Do you smoke?
- Do you drink alcohol?
- Do you spit on the street?
- Do you throw rubbish on the street?
- Do you smoke at public places?
- Do you sleep in class?
- Are you extremely lazy?
- Do you cut people off in the middle of their stories and conversations?
- Does your mother or father have any bad habits?
- Is it easy or difficult to get rid of a bad habit?
- Do other people's bad habits get on your nerves?
- Have you been successful in getting rid of a bad habit?
- Is always coming late a bad habit?
- What bad habits bother you the most?
- What good habits do you most admire?
- What unusual habits do you observe in your family members? Do they bother you?
- How can you develop a good habit?
- If someone makes an annoying sound what do you say?
- How can we get rid of bad habits?
- How can we develop good habits?
- Which bad habit do you think would be the most difficult to get rid of? Why?
- Which good habit do you think would be the most difficult to develop? Why?
- Which habit is the most important for parents to set as an example of for their children?
- Is always coming late a bad habit?
- Is your partner's snoring a bad habit?
- Do you cut people off in the middle of there stories and conversations?
- Are we be born with our bad habits? Or do we acquire them from the environment surrounding us?
.
.
Governors
1. They appear in this place every day.
B2
Negative: they don’t appear in this place every day
Yes/No: do they appear in this place every day?
in this place: where do they appear every day?
Emphasis: they do appear in this place every day
2. We attend this class twice a week.
B2
Negative: we don’t attend this class twice a week
Emphasize: we do attend this class twice a week
Reason: why do we attend this class twice a week?
3. My friends establish a new company every year.
B2
A new company: what do my friends establish every year?
Every year: how often do my friends establish a new company?
Emphasis: my friends do establish a new company every year
4. The governors of our country care about the people a lot.
B2
The people: who do the governors of our country care about?
Our country’s governors care about the people a lot
The people: who do our country’s governors care about?
Surely
Definitely
Certainly
.
1. What are you doing now?
B1
2. Where do you live?
B2
3. What food do you like?
B2
4. How often do you cook?
B2
I cook three times a week
I cooked thrice a week
5. What do you want to immigrate?
B2
6. What field do you study at university
B2
I study biology at high school
7. Which grade of school are you in now?
8. What foods do you usually cook?
B2
8. Do you cook your favorite dishes?
B2
I make vegan foods
9. What genres of movies do you like?
B2
10. What are you doing in your free time?
B2
12. Do you love your sister?
Siblings
13. Are you a bookworm?
Are you a grind too?
14. What types of books do you read?
15. How often do you like your wife?
16. Who do you love more your mom or your wife??
17. How often do you buy a gift for your wife?
18. How often do you smoke?
Good morning!
take actions
Take measures
Take steps
we should take swift actions
significant is an adjective
But
significance is a noun
impact
Effect
Influence
1. Who was Nelson Mandela, and what did he fight against?
2. What was apartheid, and how did it affect people in South Africa?
3. When did Mandela join the African National Congress (ANC), and what was its main goal?
4. Why did Mandela initially avoid using violence in the ANC's fight against the government?
5. What event caused Mandela to change his stance on the use of violence?
6. What kind of actions did Mandela advocate for after the police killed unarmed Africans?
7. What happened to the ANC in 1962, and how did this affect Mandela?
8. Why was Mandela sentenced to five years in prison in 1962?
9. What additional charges did Mandela face in 1963, and what was the result?
10. How did people around the world respond to Mandela's imprisonment during the 1980s?
11. Who was F.W. de Klerk, and what role did he play in Mandela’s release?
12. What steps did Mandela and de Klerk take to transform South Africa after Mandela’s release?
13. Why were the 1994 elections in South Africa significant?
14. How did Nelson Mandela and the ANC perform in the 1994 elections?
15. What impact did Mandela’s presidency have on South Africa and its people?
16. How should we change our country?
oppressive governments
cruel governments
Everything goes in one year and out the other
So we should always go on nonviolent paths to solve our problems
And we should pursue the solutions to our problems, very seriously
Should we ever use violence to solve our problems?
Slap
We should make the society aware of the problems and their rights
He made the people accompany him
I think that Mr. Masada was the same as Mandela
Indelible
فراموش نشدنی
he believed that if we are together, we can remove cruelty
.
Rows 1&2
1. We will be preparing for our trip at 3 o’clock tomorrow.
We are going to be preparing for our trip at 3 o’clock tomorrow
C1
2. I will finish this project next week.
I’m going to finish this project next week
C2
I’m going to immigrate
I’m gonna immigrate
1. Maybe I will see him this Friday.
C2 Not sure
2. What a good book.
I will read it
C2 New Decision
3. I’m gonna buy new car next year
I’m going to buy a new car next year
C2 old decision
4. I have checked the weather forecast.
B3
It is going to be colder next week
The weather is going to be colder next week
C2 sure based on knowledge or information
.
B2
Rendezvous
Entourage
Kiosk
1. What are you doing these days?
B1
2. What is happening/occurring currently?
B1
3. Who is making noise?
B1
4. Whose friends are coming here?
B1
.
1. They call me every day.
B2
They don’t call me every day
Do they call me every day?
They do call me every day
Emphasis
Emphasize
2. We meet her every week.
B2
Yes/No: do we meet her every week?
Negative: we don’t meet her every week
Emphasize: we do meet her every week
.
3. The people of Iran have a few problems.
Negative: the people of Iran don’t have a few problems
Emphasis: the people of Iran do have a few problems
4. You learn new things every day.
B2
new things: what do you learn every day?
5. I love him.
B2
him: who do you love?
Emphasize: I do love him
Rows 1&2
1.
I will be resting at 3 PM tomorrow
I’m going to be resting at 3 PM tomorrow
2.
I will meet him next week
I’m going to meet him next week
1. Maybe I will study a new major at university next year.
C2/Not sure
2. I’m going to go on a diet in two months.
C2/Old Decision
3. What’s good weather!
I will go to the park tonight
C2 New Decision
4. I have checked the weather forecast recently.
It is going to get cold next week
C2 Knowledge or Information
.
Discussion questions
- Do you have any bad habits?
- Do you bite your nails?
- Do you over sleep?
- sDo you sleep on the sofa?
- Do you sleep in your clothes?
- Do you eat late at night?
- What are some good habits to have?
- What are healthy eating habits?
- What are bad eating habits?
- What are good study habits?
- What are bad study habits?
- Where do we learn our habits?
- What are some of your bad habits?
- Do children learn bad habits at school or at home?
- Do you smoke?
- Do you drink alcohol?
- Do you spit on the street?
- Do you throw rubbish on the street?
- Do you smoke at public places?
- Do you sleep in class?
- Are you extremely lazy?
- Do you cut people off in the middle of their stories and conversations?
- Does your mother or father have any bad habits?
- Is it easy or difficult to get rid of a bad habit?
- Do other people's bad habits get on your nerves?
- Have you been successful in getting rid of a bad habit?
- Is always coming late a bad habit?
- What bad habits bother you the most?
- What good habits do you most admire?
- What unusual habits do you observe in your family members? Do they bother you?
- How can you develop a good habit?
- If someone makes an annoying sound what do you say?
- How can we get rid of bad habits?
- How can we develop good habits?
- Which bad habit do you think would be the most difficult to get rid of? Why?
- Which good habit do you think would be the most difficult to develop? Why?
- Which habit is the most important for parents to set as an example of for their children?
- Is always coming late a bad habit?
- Is your partner's snoring a bad habit?
- Do you cut people off in the middle of there stories and conversations?
- Are we be born with our bad habits? Or do we acquire them from the environment surrounding us?
.
Rows 1 & 2
1. It was snowing at 4 PM yesterday.
A1
2. I’m thinking about a new job these days.
B1
3. I will be driving to my Company at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.
C1
1. What project is she doing these days?
B1
2. What will you be doing at this time next week?
C1
3. What was happening at 10:30 last night?
A1
Go on a pilgrimage
1. We all together went on a pilgrimage in the spring last year
A2
2. She meets her relatives every summer.
B2
3. I will change my job next year.
C2
.
Pronouns
1. She’s expressing our ideas.
B1
Our ideas: what is she expressing?
She: who is expressing our ideas
2. We are establishing a new company these days.
B1
A new company: what are we establishing these days?
We: who is establishing a new company these days
3. Her coach is leading us.
B1
us: who is his coach leading?
Her coach: who is leading us
Her: who is coach is leading us
4. His friend is ensuring him.
B1
him: who is his friend ensuring?
His friend: who is ensuring him
Cooperate
Enemy
Destroy
Annoy
1. Our friends are cooperating with our enemies.
B1
2. His ideas are destroying our world.
3. Her car is making noise and its noise is annoying us.
4. My ideas are good, but yours are better.
1. My friend’s plans.
2. The rooms of that house.
3. The weather of Isfahan.
4. This book.
5. That book.
6. These books.
7. Those books.
.
Rows 1 & 2
1. It was snowing at 9 o’clock last night.
A1
2. It is getting cold now.
B1
3. I will be resting at 9 o’clock tomorrow night.
C1
4. I will be traveling at this time tomorrow.
C1
1. At this moment next year, I will be walking in New York’s streets
C1
2. I’m checking a new problem these days.
B1
3. What will you be doing at 10 o’clock tomorrow night?
C1
Go on a pilgrimage
1. We altogether went on a pilgrimage in the spring last year.
A2
2. Every year in the summer, he travels to that city.
B2
3. I will begin a new job next year.
C2
Good day!
1. What are you doing now?
2. What is your colleague doing now?
3. What is your best friend doing now?
4. Is it raining at this moment?
It /snow /rain/get dark/get light/get cold/get hot
5. Where in Iran is it raining or snowing now?
6. How is the weather changing in this city now?
It’s getting cold in this city now
7. What are you thinking about these days?
.
I’m thinking about arranging an interesting meeting
8. What am I doing at this moment?
You are teaching us
.
9. What are you planning to do tomorrow morning?
I’m planning to set an appointment
10. What are you arranging to do next session?
I’m arranging to memorize the vocabulary
https://t.me/+zM5tDJmb2pg1NGZk
Please read the PDF civil rights leader
Have you passed the military service?
I was exempt
Because my father attended war, I didn’t pass the military service and I was exempt
I was committed to working at this company for six years instead of my military service
That was a trick for employing people
Racism
Racial discrimination
Sexual discrimination
Social discrimination
Racist
A racist is a person who is a fan of racism
1. What was the major problem in South Africa?
2. How did Mandela try to change the conditions of South Africa?
3. How did Mandela‘s ideas change throughout his attempt for changing the conditions?
4. Why was Mandela taken to jail?
5. What did the people do to help Mandela?
6. Who contributed to the campaign very much.
7. What was the ANC’s first victory in South Africa?
.
I contributed to my friends project
I helped my friend with his project
8. Have we had any people like Nelson Mandela in our history?
.
Course3
Passive questions
1. Does she buy a book every day?
Is the book bought by her every day?
B2
2. Are you making a sentence?
Is a sentence being made by you
B1
3. Did they buy a new car last year?
Was a new car bought by them last year
A2
4. Have they done this work many times until now.
Has this work been done by them many times until now?
Have they ever done this work?
Has this work ever been done by them?
1. They have been evaluating the loss for an hour.
The loss has been being evaluated by them for an hour
B4
2. She made a movie last year.
A movie was made by her last year
A2
3. Was he doing something important at 9 o’clock last night?
Was something important being done by him at 9 o’clock last night?
A1
4. The boss of the company is going to employee a few new people.
A few new people are going to be employed by the boss of the company
C2
5. He will have taught the whole book by the end of this year.
The whole book will have been taught by him by the end of this year
C3
6. They had been studying the new lesson for a while by the time we met them.
The new lesson had been being studied by them for a while by the time They were met by us
A4, A2
7. He knows all the members.
All the members are known by him
B2
8. Does she need some information?
Is some information needed by her
B2
9. Did they discover a new element in 1901
Was a new element, discovered by them in 1901
A2
10. Is it going to be writing a letter at 10:15 tomorrow night?
Is the letter going to be being written by her at 10:15 tomorrow night?
C1
Land of plenty
1940s
1950s
1980s
1900s
1800s
1700s
I lived in 1360s the Iranian calendar
I lived in 1980s
Why is North America called the land of plenty?
what things can be found in North America
What are the special features of North America as for geography?
Why was North America a great land for many people to immigrate to?
Who were the first settlers of North America?
To sum it up
To summarize it
In short
If you want to immigrate to another city in this country, which city will you choose?
They are lovely and easy-going people
Which parts of a Isfhan are the most nostalgic for you?
Traditional and religious
Prejudice
Religious
Narrowminded
And traditional
Provident
Cold blooded people
.
Pronouns
1. She’s expressing her ideas.
B1
Her ideas: what is she expressing?
She: who is expressing her idea?
2. We are establishing our company.
B1
Our company: what are we establishing?
We: who is establishing our company?
3. Her friend is ensuring her.
B1
her: who is her friend ensuring
Her: whose friend is ensuring her
Her friend: who is ensuring her
4. Her father is leading us.
us: who is her father leading
Her father: who is leading us?
.
1. My best friend is writing a book in his room now
.
2. That factory’s machines are producing a new product these days.
.
1. Jack’s friends.
2. The wheels of the car.
3. The parks of Isfahan.
4. Our president’s interesting ideas.
5. This book.
6. That book.
7. These books.
8. Those books.
.
They have cleaned this room twice until now
This room has been cleaned by them twice until now
Transitive verbs are the ones that can have objects right after them, but in transitive verbs can never have any objects so they can never be changed into passive
My teacher has confused us with his words
We have been confused by my teacher with his words
They had bought a car before January
A car had been bought by them before January
She watched a movie last night
A movie was watched by her last night
They correct a page every day
A page is corrected by them every day
She is explaining a problem now
A problem is being explained by her
He is going to cook a new meal
A new meal is going to be cooked by him
He will have increased the capacity by next Friday
The capacity will have been increased by him by next Friday
Who are you praised by a lot?
I was praised by my father
My husband and my father praise me
I’m praised by my husband and my father
I’m praised by my father and my brother
I’m praised by nobody
Narcissist
Cooperation
What are you praised for?
Were you a grind?
What food is cooked by your mom very often
What do you do when you are disrespected by someone?
I ignore it
.
I don’t pay attention to it
Self conflict
I swear
Destroy
.
Why is America called the melting part of many cultures
Do you know any other countries that can be called melting pots of many cultures?
Which country is a better melting pot of many cultures in your idea
Narcotics
مواد مخدر
freedom is not always good
Switzerland
سوییس
refugees and immigrants
پناهندگان و مهاجرین
Another country
Other countries
You are afraid of the costs of living in other countries
What are the conditions based on which an immigrant can be successful in a foreign country?
Be fluent at a language
We can be compatible to the conditions better when we immigrate in childhood
.
.
Youth
Cosmetic work
Land of plenty
Page 8
Views of America
Expertise
تخصص
.
Evaluate
ارزیابی کردن
Assess
Machine
دستگاه
produce
تولید کردن
product
محصول
make noise
سر و صدا کردن
1. He is evaluating a new problem.
B1
Negative: he isn’t evaluating a new problem
A new problem: what is he evaluating?
He: who is evaluating a new problem
2. My friend is asking David some questions.
Some questions: what is my friend asking David?
My friend: who is asking David some questions
3. They are attacking a person.
A person: who are they attacking?
They: who is attacking a person
.
Who
What
4. That machine is producing a new product.
A new product: what is that machine producing?
That machine: what is producing a new product?
5. Those machines are making noise.
Noise: what are those machines making?
Those machines: what is making noise?
Habit
عادت
when is your birthday?
why are you studying English?
which country are you trying to immigrate to?
my job is computer programming
it’s located in Simin Junction
it’s one of the branches of that company
.
Good luck!
1. He is asking questions.
B1
2. They are making a new machine.
B1
They are manufacturing a new machine
3. I’m searching for a key.
I’m looking for a key
B1
4. My friend is using my computer.
My friend is working with my computer
Good morning!
Be satisfied with
راضی بودن از
1. When did you start elementary school?
A2
2. Where did you study primary school?
A2
3. When did you enter university
A2
4. In which year did you graduate?
A2
5. Have you gotten married?
B3
6. When did you get married?
A2
7. When did you come to this company?
A2
When did you enter this company?
8. Are you satisfied with working at this company?
B2
9. Why are you satisfied with working at this company?
B2
10. Do you enjoy your workplace?
B2
We need this product
We really need this product
We seriously need this product
This product is essential for us
This product is necessary for us
Have the spare parts of this project arrived
Have the parts of this project arrived
Have we received the parts of this project yet?
What is your suggestion for starting a cooperation?
What is your suggestion for starting a collaboration
How can we cooperate with each other?
Do you have any special offers for cooperation?
You are a responsible person
You’re an accountable person
I need someone for making the documents now
Haste in planning the machines and trying to reduce the costs in R&D usually cause or lead to a reduction in the quality of machines and dissatisfaction of clients or customers
haste makes waste
.
We need the documents
Did you complete the documents of the project?
What risks may exist while doing this work in the deadline?
When will you release the final part list of this project?
Please deliver the reports in time
Mission
Go on a mission
Is this product compatible to international standards?
Which people should be present at the exhibition
Tenses
1. What are you doing?
B1
2. What do you want?
Appearance B2 meaning B1
3. what have you done?
B3
4. What have you been doing(for a while)?
B4
5. What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?
A1
6. Where did you go yesterday?
A2
I have been waiting for him(recently)
She has been constructing her own house(for a while)
They have been working at this company(lately)
Elementary school
Graduate
First grade of school
1. When did you start elementary school?
A2
2. Where did you study the first grade of school?
A2
3. When did you graduate?
A2
4. What skills did you learn in childhood?
A2
Martial arts
Wrestling
Stunt show or movements
5. What did you cook yesterday?
.
1. Penny was thinking about a party at 10 last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to a birthday party.
AppearanceA2 meaningA1
3. Some of her friends came to her house this morning.
A2
4. They brought her some gifts.
A2
5. A magician entertained them a few moments later.
A2
6. He did strange things.
A2
7. When he was doing magic that children were watching and feeling surprised.
A1, A1, A1
8. They are sitting at the table now and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They love birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mom is bringing the cake.
B1
11. She has made this cake by herself.
B3
12. Now the children have been having fun together for several hours.
B4
(now the children have been together for several hours)
.
Course1
Nuclear plant
Power plant
Evaluate
Look at
Who are you looking at?
You are looking at David
Who is looking at you?
Sara is looking at you
1. My friend is asking Sara some questions.
B2
Sara: who is my friend asking some questions?
My friend: who is asking Sara some questions
2. They are attacking a person.
A person: who are they attacking?
Who is attacking a person?
3. That machine is covering the products.
The products: what is that machine covering?
That machine: what is covering the products?
4. My best friend is immigrating to another country.
B1
Another country: where is my best friend immigrating to?
My best friend: who is immigrating to another country
5. They are providing a quality book.
a quality book: what are they providing?
They: who is providing a quality book
.
I’m thinking about what the hell I’m stuck in right now
How old do I seem to be?
What age do I seem to be?
Tenses
1. What are you doing?
B1
2. What do you want?
B2
3. What have you done?
B3
4. What have you been doing(for a while.)
B4
5. What were you doing at nine last night?
A1
6. Where did you travel last week?
A2
—————————————
1. how many years ago did you start school?
It was about 18 years ago
I started school 18 years ago
I began school 18 years ago
2. When did you graduate?
I graduated in 2022
3. What skills did you learn in childhood?
I learned Painting playing the piano and gymnastics
4. What did you cook yesterday?
I didn’t cook yesterday
I made some fried chicken and french fries
5. When did Iran attack Israel the last time?
When was the last time that Iran attacked Israel?
.
Civil engineering
مهندسی عمران
1. Penny was thinking about a party at 10 last night.
A1
2. She wanted to invite her friends to a birthday party.
AppearanceA2 meaningA1
3. Some of her friends came to her house this morning.
A2
4. They brought her some gifts.
A2
5. A magician entertained them a few moments later.
A2
6. He did strange things.
A2
7. When he was doing magic that children were watching and feeling surprised.
A1, A1, A1
8. They are sitting at the table now and helping themselves to food and drink.
B1, B1
9. They love birthday parties.
B2
10. Penny‘s mom is bringing the cake.
B1
11. She has made this cake by herself.
B3
12. Now the children have been having fun together for several hours.
B4
(now the children have been together for several hours)
appearanceB3 meaningB4
.
.
ترم ۴
قابل توجه دوستان ترم ۴
برای جلسه چهارشنبه
لطفاً از pdf
Views of the America
موضوع
Melting Pot of Many Cultures
صفحه
۱۶
را مطالعه کنید
A1 & A2
1. They meet us every year.
B2
Negative: they don’t meet us every year
Yes/No: do they meet us every year?
Reason: why do they meet us every year?
Emphasize that: they do meet us every year
Every year: how often do they meet us?
They: who meets us every year
2. She makes a new food every week.
B2
Reason: why does she make a new food every week?
Emphasize: she does make a new food every week
A new food: what does she make every week?
She: who makes a new food every week
3. She bought a new car last year.
A2
Yes/No: did he buy a new car last year?
A new car: what did she buy last year?
Emphasize: she did buy a new car last year
She: who bought a new car last week?
.
1. She learned a lot of skills in childhood.
A2
2. I visit my best friend whenever I go to that office.
3. She cooks some food whenever she feels hungry.
B2, B2
Characteristic
Feature
He is very calm
course one
My father is fixing my car carefully in the garage
.
In the garage: where is my father fixing my car carefully?
Carefully: how is my father fixing my car in the garage?
My car: what is my father fixing carefully in the garage?
my: whose car is my father fixing carefully in the garage
Fixing my car: what is my father doing carefully in the garage?
My father: who is fixing my car carefully in the garage
My: whose father is fixing my car carefully in the garage
Reason: why is my father fixing my car carefully in the garage?
1. She is saying something to those people.
He is telling those people something
B1
2. They are having fun at the party.
They are enjoying themselves at the party
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
4. She’s preparing for her trip.
She’s getting ready for her trip
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
6. He is resting.
He’s relaxing
He’s getting some rest
He’s taking some rest
7. They are coming to visit us.
8. She is thinking about her future plans
9. He is looking for his lost keys.
10. She’s speaking at a conference.
She’s giving a speech at a conference
She’s giving a lecture at a conference
.
A1 & A2
1. They move to a new city every year.
B2
Negative: they don’t move to a new city every year
Yes/No: do they move to a new city every year?
Emphasize: they do move to a new city every year
Reason: why do they move to a new city every year?
They: who moves to a new city every year
2. He tries a new job every year.
B2
Emphasis: he does try a new job every year
Reason: why does she try a new job every year?
Yes/No: Does she try a new job every year?
Negative: she doesn’t try a new job every year
He: who tries a new job every year
3. I changed my job two years ago.
A2
Negative: I didn’t change my job two years ago
Yes/No: did I change my job two years ago
Emphasis: I did change my job two years ago
Reason: why did I change my job two years ago?
I: who changed my job two years ago
Every time
Whenever
1. I learned swimming from my father when I was a child.
I learned swimming from my father in childhood
2. Whenever I see him, he gives me a lollipop.
B2, B2
3. Iranian people don’t fear anything.
Iranian people aren’t afraid of anything
Iranian people aren’t scared of anything
Iron
Metal music is a style of music and people who listen to metal music have long hair
How many times have you shaved your mustache until now?
One time
Two times
Three times
Zero times
What’s your major at university
You’re in a good shape
Do you exercise or are you on a diet?
How tall are you?
.
Course 3
1. They are evaluating a problem.
A problem is being evaluated by them
2. She makes some food for me every week.
Some food is made for me by her every week
3. They have solved this problem three times until now.
The problem has been solved by them three times until now
4. The City Hall has been building a subway station in this street for one year.
A Subway station has been being built in this street by the City Hall for one year
1. This book has been written by Harry Collis.
B3
2. This book is read by Hemed Yazdi every day.
B2
3. This book is being carried by me now.
B1
4. This book has been being offered to language learners by the library for a long time.
B4
Assassinate
Suicide attacker
1. Those walls were being painted last night.
A1
2. I was invited to a big seminar last year.
A2
3. He had been assassinated twice until 2020.
A3
4. That film had been being shown for two hours by 10 o’clock last night.
A4
.
1. This book is going to be being edited at 4 o’clock tomorrow.
C1
2. A great bicycle will be bought for me by my father next year.
C2
3. That factory will have been closed down by my age of 80
C3
4. This book will have been being written for one hour by 4 o’clock tomorrow
C4
Freedom
Talk about freedom in a society and tell us what you think about freedom in our country
Lack of freedom causes people to be depressed and not have a normal life
.
Freedom makes us think differently and develop our conditions
Dictatorship
The people who don’t want others to have freedom are scared of losing their own opportunities and conditions
Bothering
Annoying
Aspects
You are free to talk about everything, but you will be arrested
They don’t want to improve these conditions
Freedom Makes us have the opportunity to have a free expression of our ideas
.
Don’t let anyone put you under pressure
Excuse
Gandhi used salt as an excuse to start a big campaign to give Indian people freedom
Independence
So Gandhi was fighting against the unjust laws that were imposed by the British
Imposed war
Because they have the monopoly of salt, they sold it at a very high price
Inspiring
الهام بخش
he is inspiring for me to try hard and not be hopeless
They have defeated us and they have succeeded in making our minds poor
Accompany
Course 1
My father is fixing my car carefully in the garage
In the garage: where is my father fixing my car carefully?
Carefully: how is my father fixing my car in the garage?
My car: what is my father fixing carefully in the garage?
my: whose car is my father fixing carefully in the garage
Fixing my car: what is my father doing carefully in the garage?
My father:
Who is fixing my car carefully in the garage?
My: whose car is my father fixing carefully in the garage
Reason: why is my father fixing my car carefully in the garage?
1. She is telling those people something.
B2
2. They are having fun at the party.
They are enjoying themselves at the party
B1
3. I’m trying my best to learn a new language.
I’m doing my best to learn a new language
I’m making my best effort to learn a new language
B1
4. She’s preparing for her trip.
She’s getting ready for her trip
B1
5. We are going to the park for a picnic.
B1
6. He is resting.
He’s getting some rest
He’s taking a rest
B1
7. They are coming to visit us.
they are coming for visiting us
B1
8. He is thinking about his future plans
B2
9. He’s looking for his lost keys.
B1
10. He is speaking at a conference.
He is giving a speech at the conference
B1
.
Active
Passive
1. She’s writing a book.
A book is being written by her
2. She writes a book every year.
A book is written by her every year
3. She has written two books until now.
Two books have been written by her until now
4. She has been writing this book for two months.
This book has been being written by her for two months
I will give you the book in three months
The book will be given to you in three months
I am going to give you the book in three months
The book is going to be given to you in three months
Course 4
Apartheid is a kind of racism that existed in South Africa
Racism
Racial discrimination
Sexual discrimination
Social discrimination
Rioters
Rebellions
1. What was Mandela‘s extraordinary work?
Mandela’s extra ordinary work was joining African national Congress
2. What did ANC do?
ANC fought apartheid, which separated people according to their race and color
ANC fought for the freedom of Black people in South Africa
3. How did Mandela change his mind?
He changed his mind when the police killed unarmed people
When he was disappointed with nonviolent fight, he changed his idea
4. Why didn’t the government of South Africa want Black people to participate in political decision-making?
Because the government was a racist government
5. What did the people do after hearing about Mandela’s Hope for freedom
They began to campaign for his release from prison
The answer was right and to the point
1. Do we need any congress or campaign to improve the conditions of our country?
Yes, but it will not have permission to change anything because the policies of our country are decided by some other people
We need to remove the whole council to have a better condition
We need a Congress to destroy everything in this country in order to have better conditions
2. Have you had any extra ordinary people in our history who tried to improve the conditions of our country?
3. Have you ever had any campaigns that had more negative effects than positive effects on our country?
Do you think that a foreign force can help us have better conditions?
Revolution
A big change makes us face a lot of challenges
They have to be alive and see and be tortured
.
1. She’s writing a book.
B1
She’s not writing a book
Yes/No: is she writing a book?
2. My friend is writing a book in his office.
B1
My friend is not writing a book in his office
Is my friend writing a book?
3. They are establishing a new company in this city.
B1
They are not establishing a new company in this city
Are they establishing a new company in this city?
4. It’s raining now.
B1
Negative: it is not raining now
Is it raining now?
It /rain/snow/get dark/get light/get cold/get hot
Filler
Ought to
1. I’m sitting in the classroom now.
2. He is standing in front of the door now.
3. The grandma is sleeping.
4. He is lying on the couch or sofa.
sit/stand/sleep/lie
sit down/stand up/fall asleep/lie down
Be quiet
1. She is standing up.
B1
2. They are sitting down on the chairs.
B1
3. Be quiet.
The child is falling asleep
B1
4. The grandma is lying down on her bed slowly .
B1
.
I’m sitting on the chair and answering your questions
What is your husband doing now?
What are your children doing now?
I’m retired
.
A1
1. I was teaching at 8 o’clock last night.
A1
2. They were playing at 4:45 yesterday.
A1
3. We were doing our project last night.
A1
4. All of the students of that class were learning a new language at this time last year.
A1
.
1. I was standing at the door of your house at 9 o’clock last night.
A1
2. He was sitting in his office at 9 o’clock last night.
A1
3. She was sleeping at 8 o’clock yesterday morning.
A1
4. She was lying on the couch/sofa at 8 o’clock last night.
A1
.
sit/stand/lie/sleep
/sit down/stand up/lie down/fall asleep
They are sitting down on their chairs
B1
What are they doing?
Where are they sitting down?
Who is sitting down on the chairs?
She is standing up
What is she doing?
Who is standing up?
Where is she standing up ?
The child was falling asleep at 9 o’clock last night
Who was falling asleep at 9 o’clock last night
What time was the child falling asleep last night?
The grandma was lying down on her bed slowly
How was the grandma lying down on her bed?
Where was the grandma lined out?
Who was lying down on the bed slowly?
How interested are you in English language?
.
Did you study another language before this class?
What are you doing these days?
What sports are you interested in?
What were you doing after the class last session?
.
They are reading a book
It rain/snow/get dark/get light/get cold/get hot
Filler
/sit/stand/sleep/lie
1. We are sitting in the classroom.
B1
2. They are standing.
B1
3. He is lying on the sofa.
B1
4. The baby is sleeping.
B1
sit down/stand up/lie down/fall asleep
1. He is standing up.
2. They are sitting down on their chairs.
3. Be quiet.
The baby is falling asleep
4. The grandma is lying down on her bed.
Negative: the grandma is not lying down on her bed
We ought to learn it
We ought not to learn it
Yes/No: is the grandma laying down on our bed?
Whether
که آیا
my brother is painting my cupboard quickly in the room
.
Where
When
How
Who
What
Which
Whose
Whom
Why
She is writing a book in her office.
In her office:
where is she riding a book?
a book:
what is she writing in her office to?
Writing a book:
what is she doing in her office so how much is she?
She:
Who is writing a book in her office?
ask about the reason:
Why is she writing a book in her office?
She’s writing a book in her office because she’s a writer
.
1. I was watching a movie at 10 o’clock last night.
A1
2. They were working at 9:45 yesterday morning.
A1
3. It was raining at 8 o’clock yesterday.
A1
4. Were you sleeping at 9 o’clock last night?
A1
5. What were you doing at 8 AM today?
A1
.
1. He was sleeping at 9 o’clock last night.
A1
2. I was sitting in my room at 4 PM yesterday.
A1
3. He was lying on the sofa at 8 o’clock last night.
A1
4. I was standing in the class at such a time yesterday.
A1
1. She calls her friend every day.
He calls his friend every day
B2
She doesn’t call her friend every day
Does he call his friend every day?
Every day: how often does she call her friend?
She: who calls her friend every day
2. They go to that gym every week.
B2
They don’t go to that gym every week
Do they go to that gym every week?
Every week: how often do they go to that gym?
Who goes to that gym every week?
3. We like sport activities.
B2
We don’t like sport activities
Do we like sport activities?
What do you like?
We: who likes sport activities
4. That book has good information.
B2
That book doesn’t have good information
Does that book have good information?
Good information: what does that book have?
That book: what has good information?
.